Table 2.
Change of outcome scores for Coming Out Proud (COP) programme and control groups over time, analyses of variance
| Group×time interaction |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (s.d.) |
T0×T1×T2 (2×3) |
T0×T1 (2×2) |
T1×T2 (2×2) |
|||||||||
| Outcome | Baseline (T0) | Post (T1) | Follow-up (T2) | F(2) | partial η2 | P | F(1) | partial η2 | P | F(1) | partial η2 | P |
| Self-stigmaa | 0.07 | 0.002 | 0.94 | - | - | |||||||
| COP group | 2.14 (0.57) | 2.12 (0.53) | 2.08 (0.57) | |||||||||
| Control group | 2.23 (0.55) | 2.18 (0.53) | 2.16 (0.50) | |||||||||
| Empowermentb | 0.74 | 0.02 | 0.48 | - | - | |||||||
| COP group | 2.84 (0.31) | 2.91 (0.30) | 2.90 (0.32) | |||||||||
| Control group | 2.79 (0.35) | 2.83 (0.35) | 2.87 (0.33) | |||||||||
| Stigma stressc | 7.06 | 0.15 | 0.001 | 9.44 | 0.10 | 0.003 | 10.76 | 0.12 | 0.002 | |||
| COP group | –0.44 (2.28) | –1.34 (2.28) | –0.91 (2.37) | |||||||||
| Control group | –0.76 (2.03) | –0.23 (1.85) | –0.98 (2.09) | |||||||||
| Disclosure-related distressd | 2.44 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 4.84 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.51 | 0.01 | 0.48 | |||
| COP group | 5.10 (1.64) | 4.47 (1.61) | 4.31 (1.73) | |||||||||
| Control group | 4.85 (1.63) | 4.98 (1.69) | 4.57 (1.68) | |||||||||
| Disclosure-related self-efficacye | 0.11 | 0.001 | 0.89 | - | - | |||||||
| COP group | 4.68 (1.53) | 4.61 (1.41) | 4.66 (1.48) | |||||||||
| Control group | 4.06 (1.67) | 4.15 (1.72) | 4.21 (1.71) | |||||||||
| Secrecyf | 2.51 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 4.78 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.002 | 0.68 | |||
| COP group | 4.62 (1.01) | 4.41 (0.88) | 4.32 (0.84) | |||||||||
| Control group | 4.44 (0.90) | 4.53 (0.99) | 4.37 (0.98) | |||||||||
| Perceived benefits of disclosureg | 4.70 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 2.91 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 1.25 | 0.02 | 0.27 | |||
| COP group | 4.15 (1.29) | 4.71 (1.04) | 4.94 (0.95) | |||||||||
| Control group | 4.42 (1.16) | 4.53 (1.19) | 4.36 (1.28) | |||||||||
T0, baseline; T1, 3 weeks after baseline; T2, 3-week follow-up, 6 weeks after baseline.
Measured using the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Inventory.25
Measured using the Empowerment Scale.26
Measured with one item: ‘In general, how distressed or worried are you with respect to secrecy or disclosure of your mental illness to others?’, rated from 1, not at all, to 7, very much.
Measured with one item: ‘Regarding the secrecy or disclosure of my mental illness, I am confident to handle all questions and issues and to make the right choices’, rated from 1, not at all, to 7, very much.
Measured using the Stigma Coping Orientation Scale.7
Measured using the Coming Out with Mental Illness Scale.19