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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 12.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Host Microbe. 2014 Feb 12;15(2):132–138. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.01.004

Figure 2. TLR11, TLR12 and IRG protein loop is essential for mouse resistance to Toxoplasma infection.

Figure 2

Uptake of parasite debris or alternatively, destruction of engulfed tachyzoites leads to activation of TLR7, TLR9 as well as TLR11/TLR12 heterodimers by Toxoplasma RNA, DNA and profilin (PRF) released in phagolysosomes. The activation of these innate immune receptors, and in particular TLR11 and TLR12, induces the production of IL-12 by dendritic cells and consequent induction of IFNγ by NK cells and T lymphocytes. IFNγ then leads to expression of IRG proteins that are recruited to the parasitophorous vacuole and destroy T. gondii tachyzoites that have actively invaded the host cells.