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Staff and Leader Characteristics
| Characteristics | Counselors (N=213) | Clinical Directors (N=52) |
|---|---|---|
| Female | 63.50 | 61.78 |
| White | 73.13 | 77.55 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 65.24 | 80.77 |
| Certified or licensed in substance use | 61.46 | 90.38 |
| At least 3 years in substance use field | 65.24 | 96.15 |
| At least 1 year in present position | 70.62 | 94.23 |
| Average age | 39.32 (SD = 11.77) | 48.41 (SD = 9.98) |
| Staff perceptions of leader | ||
| Lower relative rank to leader | 82.99 | -- |
| Upper management | 51.56 | -- |
| Middle management | 41.15 | -- |
