Table 3.

Summary of other potential risk factors of depression

Associated Risk factors	Vulnerable Group	Effect size	authors
Alcohol drinking status	Substance abusers	OR=1.6, 95% CI: 1.13–2.28	Hailemariam, et al, 2012
Perceived stigma of PLWHA and perceived general health	who perceive more stigma and perceiving unhealthy	OR 2.0 CI: 1.4, 2.8	Deribew, et al, 2010
ART	not taking ART	(OR 1.8 CI: 0.9, 30)	Deribew, et al, 2010
Intimate partner violence, gender based violence and childhood experience of parental violence.	People who faced any form of violence	Consistently high but, different in different studies	Deyesa, 2010; Yigzaw, et al., 2004); Tarasaki, et al, 2009; Tdege, 2008); Gelaye, 2009; Tadege, et al, 2008; Gelaye, et al, 2009; Nicodimos, 2009.
Number of chronic diseases	Associated with higher risk of depression	OR=1.7, 95%, CI: 1.1–2.9	Deribew, et al, 2010; Hailemariam, et al, 2012; Deysessa, 2009; Tadege, et al, 2008; Gelaye, 2009
Migration	Migrated people	3 times higher	Fenta, et al, 2004
Stressful life events, food insecurity	People with stressful life experiences	No effect size	Tarasaki, et al, 2009