Exhibit 2. Associations between underreporting Medicare and selected demographic, eligibility, health insurance, health care, and interview characteristics, among persons with Medicare on SSA records (n=5,078).
| NHIS = Benefit SSA = Benefit |
NHIS = No Benefit SSA = Benefit |
p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||
|
| |||||
| All | 4944 | 97% | 134 | 3% | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 2263 | 97% | 75 | 3% | 0.02 |
| Female | 2681 | 98% | 59 | 2% | |
| Age | |||||
| 65-74 | 2588 | 96% | 108 | 4% | <.0001 |
| 75-84 | 1822 | 99% | 20 | 1% | |
| 85+ | 534 | 99% | 6 | 1% | |
| Marital Status | |||||
| Never married | 167 | 97% | 5 | 3% | 0.02 |
| Married | 2813 | 97% | 90 | 3% | |
| Living with unmarried partner | 66 | 94% | 4 | 6% | |
| Divorced/Separated | 418 | 97% | 12 | 3% | |
| Widowed | 1473 | 98% | 23 | 2% | |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| NH White only | 3855 | 98% | 72 | 2% | <.0001 |
| Hispanic | 438 | 94% | 26 | 6% | |
| NH Black only | 514 | 95% | 26 | 5% | |
| NH Other/Multi race | 137 | 93% | 10 | 7% | |
| Education | |||||
| < High School | 1403 | 97% | 41 | 3% | 0.29 |
| High School or GED | 1635 | 98% | 33 | 2% | |
| Some College, AA | 954 | 97% | 27 | 3% | |
| Bachelor's + | 888 | 97% | 28 | 3% | |
| Poverty level | |||||
| Poor | 551 | 97% | 15 | 3% | 0.41 |
| Near poor | 1326 | 98% | 29 | 2% | |
| Not poor | 3067 | 97% | 90 | 3% | |
| Family Size | |||||
| 1 | 1489 | 98% | 23 | 2% | <.0001 |
| 2 | 2670 | 97% | 73 | 3% | |
| 3 | 474 | 96% | 18 | 4% | |
| 4+ | 148 | 93% | 12 | 8% | |
| Eligibility | |||||
| Citizenship | |||||
| US Citizen | 4852 | 98% | 119 | 2% | <.0001 |
| Not US Citizen | 86 | 87% | 13 | 13% | |
| Employment status | |||||
| Not working | 4240 | 98% | 78 | 2% | <.0001 |
| Working | 693 | 93% | 55 | 7% | |
| Reported Insurance status | |||||
| Private | |||||
| Yes | 2869 | 97% | 78 | 3% | 0.97 |
| No | 2075 | 97% | 56 | 3% | |
| Medicaid | |||||
| Yes | 454 | 94% | 29 | 6% | <.0001 |
| No | 4490 | 98% | 105 | 2% | |
| Military | |||||
| Yes | 376 | 97% | 10 | 3% | 0.95 |
| No | 4568 | 97% | 124 | 3% | |
| Health Care Status | |||||
| Health Status | |||||
| Poor/fair | 1463 | 98% | 36 | 2% | 0.02 |
| Good | 1679 | 98% | 43 | 2% | |
| Very good | 1199 | 98% | 27 | 2% | |
| Excellent | 597 | 96% | 28 | 4% | |
| Health Care Utilization | |||||
| Overnight Hospital Stay | |||||
| Yes | 972 | 98% | 18 | 2% | 0.08 |
| No | 3967 | 97% | 115 | 3% | |
| Home care | |||||
| Yes | 210 | 100% | 0 | 0% | 0.02 |
| No | 4731 | 97% | 133 | 3% | |
| Office visit | |||||
| Yes | 1545 | 98% | 33 | 2% | 0.11 |
| No | 3383 | 97% | 100 | 3% | |
| Received care 10 x / past year | |||||
| Yes | 1172 | 98% | 18 | 2% | 0.006 |
| No | 3752 | 97% | 115 | 3% | |
| Interview Characteristics | |||||
| Language of Interview | |||||
| English | 4668 | 98% | 117 | 2% | 0.0003 |
| Other language | 243 | 94% | 16 | 6% | |
| Reporting status | |||||
| Self-report | 2959 | 98% | 67 | 2% | 0.02 |
| Family respondent | 1985 | 97% | 67 | 3% | |
| Telephone | |||||
| In-Person | 4326 | 98% | 103 | 2% | 0.0002 |
| Telephone | 585 | 95% | 30 | 5% | |
NOTES. Rows sum to 100%. Medicare underreporting calculated using Method 2. Chi-squares compare proportion of Medicare underreporting within each characteristic. Poverty level used imputed income data.
SOURCE: CDC/NCHS, National Health Interview Survey—Social Security Administration linked file, 2005.