Table 1.

Overview quality of care study component

Study component	Data collection activity (Data source)	Tool used	Key outcome measures
Quality of Care : Structural & Input elements	Assessment of facility infrastructure (health facility, heads of services)	Structured observation survey	• Adequacy of infrastructural and organizational set-up in relation to EmOC standards
			• Availability, accessibility, functionality of materials and equipment in obstetric care, ANC, PNC services
			• Availability, accessibility of clinical guidelines and protocols related to obstetric care, ANC, PNC
			• Availability, accessibility of essential drugs related to obstetric care, ANC, PNC
	Assessment of providers’ professional qualification & technical knowledge (maternity care providers)	Structured interview survey (using clinical vignettes)	• Number & type of provider training activities
			• Level of providers’ technical knowledge on EmOC, ANC, PNC
Quality of Care : Process & Outcome elements	Assessment of provider-patient encounters (obstetric care visits, ANC visits)	Structured observation survey	• Clinical case management (clinical assessment, diagnosis, treatment) of obstetric, pregnant, and newborn patients
	Assessment of health facility records (maternity registers, patient charts)	Structured observation survey	• Timely identification of obstetric/neonatal complication (patient assessment, diagnostic procedures)
			• Timely supportive and definitive management of obstetric/neonatal complications (intravenous fluids, oxygen, antibiotics, blood transfusion, C-sections)
			• Case outcomes (length of stay, fatality, disability)
Quality of Care : Experiential elements	Assessment of providers’ workload, motivation, satisfaction (maternity care providers)	Structured interview survey	• Provider’s role, responsibility, workload
			• Provider’s training background and appreciation
			• Provider’s compensation and incentives
			• Provider’s satisfaction and motivation
	Assessment of clients’ perception, satisfaction, experience (women attending obstetric care, ANC, or PNC services)	Structured exit interview survey	• Clients’ demographic and socioeconomic information
			• Type of care received at healthcare facility
			• Type of care received at outside formal health sector
			• Clients’ perception of healthcare services received
			• Clients’ knowledge retention related to danger signs
			• Clients’ satisfaction of healthcare services received

EmOC = Emergency Obstetric Care, ANC = Antenatal Care, PNC = Postnatal Care, QUAN = quantitative, qual = qualitative.