TABLE 1.
Performance Characteristics and Comparisons of Dipstick to Microscopic and Combined Urinalysis
| Performance Characteristic and Infant Age Group | Performance, % (95% CI) | z-Statistic (P) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dipstick Urinalysis | Microscopic Urinalysis | Combined Urinalysis | Dipstick Versus Microscopic Urinalysis | Dipstick Versus Combined Urinalysis | |
| Sensitivity | |||||
| 1–90 days | 90.8 (90.4–91.2) | 90.3 (89.9–90.7) | 94.7 (94.4–95.0) | 1.01 (.157) | 9.19 (<.001) |
| 1–28 days | 91.7 (91.0–92.4) | 90.7 (90.0–91.4) | 94.4 (93.8–95.0) | 0.15 (.441) | 3.69 (<.001) |
| 29–90 days | 90.4 (90.0–90.8) | 90.1 (89.7–90.5) | 94.8 (94.5–95.1) | 0.41 (.342) | 9.01 (<.001) |
| Specificity | |||||
| 1–90 days | 93.8 (93.5–94.1) | 91.3 (90.9–91.7) | 87.6 (87.2–88.0) | 3.56 (<.001) | 3.31 (<.001) |
| 1–28 days | 90.4 (89.7–91.1) | 89.0 (88.3–89.7) | 83.7 (82.8–84.6) | 5.43 (<.001) | 1.38 (.084) |
| 29–90 days | 95.1 (94.8–95.4) | 92.1 (91.7–92.5) | 89.1 (88.6–89.6) | 6.63 (<.001) | 2.82 (.002) |
| PPV | |||||
| 1–90 days | 66.8 (66.2–67.4) | 58.6 (58.0–59.2) | 51.2 (50.6–51.8) | 5.63 (<.001) | 10.72 (<.001) |
| 1–28 days | 57.4 (56.2–58.6) | 53.8 (52.6–55.0) | 45.0 (43.8–46.2) | 1.35 (.088) | 4.66 (<.001) |
| 29–90 days | 71.4 (70.7–72.1) | 60.8 (60.1–61.5) | 54.1 (53.4–54.8) | 6.22 (<.001) | 10.14 (<.001) |
| NPV | |||||
| 1–90 days | 98.7 (98.6–98.8) | 98.6 (98.5–98.7) | 99.2 (99.1–99.3) | 0.01 (.497) | 3.23 (.001) |
| 1–28 days | 98.7 (98.4–99.0) | 98.6 (98.3–98.9) | 99.1 (98.9–99.3) | 0.01 (.498) | 1.32 (.093) |
| 29–90 days | 98.7 (98.5–98.9) | 98.6 (98.4–98.8) | 99.2 (99.1–99.3) | 0.01 (.498) | 2.77 (.003) |
N = 6394 for infants aged 1–90 days, n = 1745 for those aged 1–28 days, and n = 4649 for those aged 29–90 days.