Table 1.

	Cognates	L1	L2	L3	Language family			Language proficiency			Therapy approach	Language of therapy	Successful transfer of therapy to untreated language
					L1	L2	L3	L1	L2	L3
Roberts and Deslauriers (1999) [30]	×	French	English	NA	Roman	Germanic	NA	Pre-H	Pre-H	NA	NA	NA	NA
Kohnert (2004) [37]	×	Spanish	English	NA	Roman	Germanic	NA	Pre-H Post-I	Pre-H Post-L	NA	Lexical semantic retrieval strategies	L1	Cognates only
Kurland and Falcon (2011) [38]	×	Spanish	English	NA	Roman	Germanic	NA	Pre-H Post-I	Pre-I Post-L	NA	Semantic	L2	Noncognates, only
Goral et al. (2010) [47]	NA	Hebrew	Englis0068	French	Canaanite	Germanic	Roman	Pre-H Post-H	Pre-H Post-I	Pre-H Post-L	Morpho-syntactic skills and language production rate	L2	L3 only
Miertsch (2009) [48]	NA	German	English	French	German	Germanic	Roman	Pre-H Post-H	Pre-H Post-I	Pre-H Post-I	Semantic	L3	Only L2
Kiran and Iakupova (2011) [49]	NA	Russian	English	NA	Slavic	Germanic	NA	Pre-H Post-H	Pre-I Post-I	NA	Semantic	L2	L1
Marangolo et al. (2009) [51]	NA	Flemish	Italian	NA	Germanic	Roman	NA	Pre-H Post-I	Pre-H Post-I	NA	Picture-naming training	L2	yes
Edmonds and Kiran (2006) [50]/P1	NA	English	Spanish	NA	Germanic	Roman	NA	Pre-H Post-NR	Pre-I Post-NR	NA	Semantic feature analysis	L2	No
Edmonds and Kiran (2006) [50]/P2 and P3	NA	English	Spanish	NA	Germanic	Roman	NA	Pre-H Post-NR	Pre-I Post-NR	NA	Semantic feature analysis	L1 and L2	yes
Edmonds and Kiran (2006) [50], b/p1	NA	English	Spanish	NA	Germanic	Roman	NA	Pre-H Post-NR	Pre-I Post-NR	NA	Semantic feature analysis	L2 and L1	From L1 to L2 only
Edmonds and Kiran (2006) [50], b/p2	NA	Spanish	English	NA	Roman	Germanic	NA	Pre-H Post-NR	Pre-H Post-NR	NA	Semantic feature analysis	L1 and L2	From L1 to L2 only
Goral (2012) [53], P.1	NA	Hebrew	English	French	Canaanite	Germanic	Roman	Pre-H Post-H	Pre-H Post-I	Pre-H Post-L	Modified constraint-induced therapy	L2	L1
Goral (2012) [53], P.2	NA	Persian	German	English	Iranian	Germanic	Germanic	Pre-H Post-L	Pre-H Post-I	Pre-H Post-H	Modified constraint-induced therapy	L3, L1, and L2	From L2 to L3 only
Goral (2012) [53], P.3	NA	English	Hebrew	NA	Germanic	Canaanite	NA	Pre-H Post-H	Pre-I Post-I	NA	Modified constraint-induced therapy	L2	L1 but Negative
Goral (2012) [53], P.4	NA	Catalan	Spanish	French	Roman	Roman	Roman	Pre-H Post-H	Pre-H Post-H	Pre-I Post-I	Modified semantic feature analysis, sentence generate-on	L4: German, Pre-I, Post-I	L5: English Pre-I Post-I
Croft et al. (2011) [54]/P.1–5	NA	Bengali	English	NA		Germanic	NA	Post-H for 3 Ps	Post-L for 2 Ps	NA	Phonological and semantic cueing	L1 and L2	For semantic cueing only
Abutalebi et al. (2009) [55]	NA	Spanish	Italian	NA	Roman	Roman	NA	Pre-H Post-L	Pre-H Post-L	NA	Phonological training	L2	No