Table 6.
Description of error types and examples of errors produced in English and Spanish.
| Error | Description | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
| English target | Spanish target | ||
| No response in nontarget language (1) | No response or response of “I don't know” in the language not being tested | Target: cabbage Response: No me recuerdo |
Target: lechuga Response: I don't remember |
| No response in target language (1.5) | No response/response of “I don't know” in the language in session being tested | Target: glove Response: I don't know |
Target: media Response: No sé |
| Neologism in nontarget language (2) | Unrecognized word in any dialect of the language not being tested after correcting for possible phonemic errors | Target: Counter Response: clov |
Target: tiburón Response: babberi |
| Neologism in target language (2.5) | Unrecognized word in any dialect of the language being tested after correcting for possible phonemic errors | Target: shelf Response: crademan |
Target: rastrillo Response: serame |
| Perseveration to a nonprobe (3) | Repetition at least three times of a neologism or word unrelated to the target and not previously presented to the subject | Target: arm Response: go go |
Target: brazo Response: go go |
| Perseveration to a probe in session (3.5) | Repetition at least three times (in any language) of a word previously presented to the subject but unrelated to the target | Target: necklace Response: baseball (if generated at least twice before) |
Target: brazo Response: ring ring (if generated at least twice before) |
| Unrelated word in nontarget language (4) | Word semantically and phonologically unrelated to the target word in the language not being tested | Target: counter Response: perro |
Target: puerta Response: berry |
| Unrelated word in target language (4.5) | Word semantically and phonologically unrelated to the target word in the language being tested | Target: hook Response: coach |
Target: jarra Response: ardilla |
| Circumlocution in nontarget language (5) | Utterance (description) providing semantic information about the target in the language not being tested | Target: hamburger Response: algo que se come |
Target: oso Response: an animal |
| Circumlocution in target language (5.5) | Utterance (description) providing semantic information about the target in the language being tested | Target: building Response: a structure |
Target: perica Response: un para hombre |
| Semantic error in nontarget language (6) | Semantic substitution/paraphasia in the language not being tested | Target: mop Respose: rastrillo |
Target: anillo Response: diamond |
| Semantic error in target language (6.5) | Semantic substitution/paraphasia in the language being tested | Target: pitcher Response: coffee pot |
Target: brazo Response: mano |
| Mixed error in nontarget language (7) | Combination of two or more errors from analysis criteria in the language not being tested | Target: sword Response: fecha |
Target: mapache Response: racooco |
| Mixed error in target language (7.5) | Combination of two or more errors from analysis criteria in the language being tested | Target: leg Response: musolos |
Target: hormiga Response: arinas |
| Phonemic error in nontarget language (8) | Greater than one phonemic substitution or omission in the language not being tested | Target: robe Response: bete |
Target: edificio Response: build |
| Phonemic error in target language (8.5) | Greater than one phonemic substitution or omission in the language being tested | Target: celery Response: cerelec |
Target: aspiradora Response: astirador |
| Correct in nontarget language (9) | Correct response (including single phoneme substitutions) in the language not being tested | Target: shelf Response: estante |
Target: taburete Response: stool |
| Dysarthric/apractic intelligible response (9.5) | Response from a patient with known dysarthria or apraxia | ||
| Accent influence in target language (10) | Correct response in target language but containing the phonology of the language not being tested | Target: duck Response: dok ([dog]) |
Target: pollo Response: polo ([powlo]) |
| Correct in target language (10.5) | Correct response (including single phoneme substitution, addition or omission for aphasic participants only) in the language being tested | Target: giraffe Response: giraffe |
Target: avestruz Response: avestruzo |