Table 2. Species directed therapy for leishmaniasis from the “Old World.”.

Cat.a	Species	Diagnosis	Proposed treatment	Pooled efficacy (95% CIa)	Randomized controlled trials			Observational studies			References
					N analyses	N patients	pooled efficacy	N analyses	N patients	pooled efficacy
1	L.donovani	VL from South Asiaf	TCa: liposomal amphotericin B	97% (96%–98%)b	48b	4566	98%	23b	2006	97%	[58], [59], [89]–[123]
			ATa1: miltefosine	97% (94%–99%)	7	389	99%	14	1238	94%	[106], [124]–[130]
			AT2: systemic antimony	66% (58%–74%)	16	883	67%	4	612	62%	[95], [113], [119], [122], [123], [131]–[140]
2	L.donovani	VL from East Africag	TC: liposomal amphotericin B	83% (67%–95%)b	0	0	N/A	7b	278	83%	[89], [141], [142]
			AT1: miltefosine	79% (73%–84%)	1	221	79%	0	0	N/A	[143]
			AT2: systemic antimony	89% (85%–93%)	15	1063	89%	4	6209	89%	[61], [141], [143]–[153]
3	L.infantum	VL childh	TC: liposomal amphotericin B	98% (94%–100%)b	4b	106	97%	10b	156	97%	[62], [154]–[158]
			AT1: systemic antimony	94% (85%–99%)	0	0	N/A	2	62	94%	[62], [158]
4		VL adulth	TC: liposomal amphotericin B	100% (93%–100%)b	2b	29	100%	0	0	N/A	[155]
			AT1: systemic antimony	N/A	0	0	N/A	0	0	N/A	N/A
			AT2: miltefosine	N/A	0	0	N/A	0	0	N/A	N/A
5	L.donovani	CL	TC: local antimony & cryotherapyd	N/A	0	0	N/A	0	0	N/A	N/A
			AT1: local antimony	100% (98%–100%)	1	83	100%	0	0	N/A	[159]
			AT2: miltefosine	N/A	0	0	N/A	0	0	N/A	N/A
6	L.infantum	CL	TC: local antimony & cryotherapyd	100% (68%–100%)	0	0	N/A	1	5	100%	[157]
			AT1: miltefosine	N/A	0	0	N/A	0	0	N/A	N/A
7	L.tropica	CL	TC: local antimony & cryotherapyd	78% (69%–86%)	1	95	78%	0	0	N/A	[160]
			AT1: local antimony	76% (56%–91%)	3	327	68%	2	556	85%	[42], [47], [65], [161]–[163]
				[76% (61%–89%)]c	[1]	[38]c	[76%]c
			AT2: heat therapy	69% (60%–78%)	1	108	69%	0	0	N/A	[65]
8		complex CL	TC: systemic antimony	46% (33%–59%)	3	157	39%	2	110	61%	[65], [162], [164]–[166]
			AT1: miltefosine	N/A	0	0	N/A	0	0	N/A	N/A
9	L.major	CL	TC: local antimony & cryotherapyd	83% (69%–94%)	0	0	N/A	1	36	83%	[10]
			AT1: local antimony	86% (59%–100%)	2	130	88%	2	122	82%	[10], [167]–[170]
				[73% (61%–83%]c	[1]c	[66]c	[73%]c
			AT2: heat therapy	N/A	0	0	N/A	0	0	N/A	N/A
10		complex CL	TC: miltefosine	85% (75%–93%)	1	32	81%	1	34	88%	[66], [67]
			AT1: systemic antimony	69% (51%–84%)	5	219	59%	2	228	88%	[64], [66], [67], [167], [170]–[174]
				[68% (56%–78%)]c	[1]c	[68]c	[68%]c
11	L.tropica/	CL	TC: local antimony & cryotherapyd	[91% (87%–94%)]c	[3]c	[264]c	[91%]c	0	0	N/A	[45], [175]
	L.major		AT1: local antimony	54% (41%–66%)	7	302	54%	0	0		[38], [45], [175]–[187]
				[82% (71%–91%)]c	[8]c	[1695]c	[80%]c	[1]c	[130]c	[95%]c
			AT2: heat therapy	82% (73%–89%)	1	57	81%	2	39	83%	[182], [186], [188]–[190]
				[93% (89%–96%)]c	[2]c	[257]c	[93%]c
12		complex CL	TC: systemic antimony	63% (3%–100%)	2	128	63%	0	0	N/A	[189], [191]–[193]
				[61% (13%–98%)]c	[2]c	[268]c	[61%]c
			AT1: miltefosine	N/A	0	0	N/A	0	0	N/A	N/A
13	L.aethiopica	CL localizede	TC: local antimony & cryotherapy	N/A	0	0	N/A	0	0	N/A	N/A
			AT1: systemic antimony	90% (71%–100%)	0	0	N/A	1	19	90%	[68]

^aAbbreviations used: Cat.: category, TC: treatment of choice, AT: alternative treatment, CI: confidence interval, N/A: not available, VL, CL and MCL: visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.

^bPooled efficacy is calculated from studies that may include Fungizone, Ambisome, Abelcet, Amphocil.

^cData between square brackets refer to studies describing number of healed lesions rather than number of healed patients.

^dA wait-and-see policy may be considered.

^eDiffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis requires systemic therapy.

^fEfficacy data are obtained from a population with low HIV endemicity.

^gEfficacy data are obtained from a population with high HIV endemicity.

^hEfficacy data are obtained from immunocompetent patients only; HIV-positive patients were excluded from analysis.