Table 5. Tajima’s D, Fu’s Fs and parameters of the mismatch distribution for populations based on COI data.

Population	Tajima’s D	Fu’s Fs	τ	SSD(PSSD)	Raggedness(Pr)
ZZD	−2.104**	−7.022**	1.387	0.002(0.847)	0.030(0.863)
PL	−2.225**	−4.085**	2.121	0.020(0.489)	0.082(0.672)
LGD	−1.786*	−2.121	5.470	0.012(0.771)	0.030(0.946)
RC	−1,972**	−4.691**	0.398	0.276(0.007**)	0.034(1.000)
HD	−1.929*	−12.506**	2.766	0.004(0.588)	0.039(0.590)
RZ	−1.575*	−5.568**	2.000	0.003(0.757)	0.021(0.817)
LYG	−1.517	−6.226**	0.639	0.011(0.585)	0.061(0.574)
HJ	−0.587	−2.713	4.096	0.034(0.018*)	0.092(0.012*)
Northern	−2.229**	−26.523**	1.644	0.001(0.805)	0.013(0.918)
ZS	−2.078**	−8.200**	1.125	0.130(0.022*)	0.023(0.986)
FZ	−2.256**	−15.501**	2.240	0.002(0.771)	0.048(0.505)
Southern	−2.380**	−26.655**	1.593	0.001(0.747)	0.030(0.893)
Total	−2.331**	−26.444**	1.568	0.001(0.867)	0.014(0.899)

Time since the population expansion (τ), Sum of square deviations (SSD) and its p-value (P_SSD) for test of the validity of the sudden expansion model, Harpending’s Raggedness index (Raggedness) and its p-value (P_r) for the test of goodness-of-fit.

*Significant at P<0.05;

**significant at P<0.01.