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(A) Tidal volume, (B) breathing frequency (Fb), (C) mean inspiratory flow (tidal volume/inspiratory time [Vt/Ti]), and (D) inspiratory duty cycle (inspiratory time/total respiratory time [Ti/Ttot]). Data are shown as mean ± standard error. *p<0.05 GOLD 2 versus GOLD 1 and controls at peak exercise (confidence intervals do not overlap indicating p<0.05).
