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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 2.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jun 13;120(1):1–34. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.05.005

Table 2.

Clinical Manifestations of Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy

  • Pupillary

    • Decreased dark-adapted pupil diameter

  • Sudomotor

    • Anhidrosis

    • Heat intolerance

    • Gustatory sweating

    • Dry skin
-

  • Gastrointestinal

    • Esophageal dysmotility

    • Gastroparesis

    • Constipation

    • Diarrhea, fecal incontinence

  • Cardiovascular

    • Resting tachycardia

    • Exercise intolerance

    • Orthostatic hypotension

    • Silent myocardial ischemia

  • Genitourinary

    • Neurogenic bladder

    • Erectile dysfunction

    • Retrograde ejaculation

    • Female sexual dysfunction