Table 2. Pharmaceutical therapies for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Class and Drug	No.	Design	Outcome	Evidence in CKD	Reference
TCAs
Amitriptyline	29	Cross over, 2×6 wks, amitriptyline > placebo	50% pain reduction	No, requires dose adjustment	161
Desipramine	20	Cross over, 2×6 wks, desipramine > placebo	pain reduction	No, requires dose adjustment	162
SSRI
Paroxetine	29	Randomized Cross over, 2×2× 2 wks, paroxetine 40 mg > Imipramine> placebo	pain reduction	No, requires dose adjustment	163
SNRIs
Duloxetine	457	Parallel, 12 wks, duloxetine (60mg, 120 mg) > placebo	50% pain reduction	No, requires dose adjustment	146
Duloxetine	348	Parallel, 12 wks, duloxetine (60mg, 120 mg > placebo	50% pain reduction	No	147
Duloxetine	334	Parallel, 12 wks, duloxetine (60mg, 120 mg > placebo	50% pain reduction	No	148
Calcium channel α2-δagonists
Gabapentin	165	Parallel, 8 wks, gabapentin > placebo	50% pain reduction	No, requires dose adjustment	138
Pregabalin	146	Parallel, 8 wks, pregabalin > placebo	50% pain reduction	No, requires dose adjustment	134
Pregabalin	338	Parallel, 5 wks, pregabalin (300, 600 mg) > placebo	50% pain reduction	No, requires dose adjustment	132
Pregabalin	246	Parallel, 6 wk, pregabalin (600 mg) > placebo	50% pain reduction	No, requires dose adjustment	133
μ receptor agonists
Tramadol	127	Parallel, 6 wks, tramadol > placebo	50% pain reduction	No dose adjustments required	150

Abbreviations: TCA, Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants; SNRIs, Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors.

Adapted and reproduced from Edwards et al²² with permission of Elsevier.