Table 1. Description of participants. Some characteristics of dyslexic and typically developing readers are reported. The children with dyslexia were below their age norms for reading speed and accuracy as assessed by a standard Italian reading test³⁹,⁴⁰. The control readers performed near average (i.e., approximately 0 in terms of z score depending on individual grade level) on the same test and were younger than the children with dyslexia by about three and a half years. All children demonstrated normal intelligence on Raven's Coloured Matrices.

Children with dyslexia		Age	Sex	Grade	Raven test	Reading speed	Reading accuracy
1 d	MS	13.5	F	7	26	−0.32	−3.41
2 d	DB	13.2	M	7	32	−0.88	−2.39
3 d	AD	13.5	M	7	26	−2.26	−3.41
4 d	VG	13.3	F	7	29	−2.13	−7.61
5 d	MA	14.0	M	8	31	−4.11	−6.90
Average		13.5			28.8	−1.94	−4.74
SD		0.3			2.8	1.47	2.35