Table 2.
Frequency of BDI-II item endorsement among concussed athletes and controls
| BDI-IIa | Athletes (%) | Controls (%) | Difference | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive factor | ||||
| 1. Sadness | 26.7 | 3.2 | 23.5 | .003 |
| 2. Pessimism | 20.0 | 3.2 | 16.8 | .033 |
| 3. Past failure | 23.3 | 12.9 | 10.4 | .018 |
| 5. Guilty feelings | 33.3 | 12.9 | 20.4 | <.001 |
| 6. Punishment feelings | 6.7 | 0 | 6.7 | .19 |
| 7. Self-dislike | 23.3 | 3.2 | 20.1 | .017 |
| 8. Self-criticalness | 40.0 | 25.8 | 14.2 | .013 |
| 9. Suicidal thoughts or wishes | 16.7 | 0 | 16.7 | .08 |
| 14. Worthlessness | 20.0 | 0 | 20.0 | .033 |
| Affective factor | ||||
| 4. Loss of pleasure | 33.3 | 16.1 | 17.2 | .012 |
| 10. Crying | 26.7 | 3.2 | 23.5 | .30 |
| 12. Loss of interest | 33.3 | 6.5 | 26.8 | .032 |
| 13. Indecisiveness | 26.3 | 3.2 | 23.1 | .015 |
| Somatic factor | ||||
| 11. Agitation | 26.7 | 19.4 | 7.3 | .05 |
| 15. Loss of energy | 60.0 | 29.0 | 31.0 | .001 |
| 16. Changes in sleep pattern | 56.7 | 25.8 | 30.9 | <.001 |
| 17. Irritability | 36.7 | 12.9 | 23.8 | <.001 |
| 18. Changes in appetite | 46.7 | 12.9 | 33.8 | .018 |
| 19. Concentration difficulty | 53.3 | 19.3 | 34.0 | .009 |
| 20. Tiredness or fatigue | 36.7 | 22.6 | 14.1 | .017 |
| 21. Loss of interest in sex | 43.3 | 16.1 | 27.2 | .019 |
aNote: Three-factor model as proposed by Buckley and colleagues (2001).