Table 1. Rates of sample positivity to tests for the detection of influenza viruses or viral nucleic acid in 10 tropical and subtropical countries of southern and south-eastern Asia, by year, 2006–2011.
| Country/samples | Year |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | Total | |
| Bangladesh | |||||||
| Samples (n) | – | – | 2 654 | 3 263 | 3 471 | 3 195 | 12 583 |
| Positive, no. (%) | – | – | 270 (10.2) | 454 (13.9) | 558 (16.1) | 465 (14.6) | 1 747 (13.9) |
| Cambodia | |||||||
| Samples (n) | – | 1 247 | 1 347 | 2 345 | 2 583 | 2 583 | 10 105 |
| Positive, no. (%) | – | 95 (7.6) | 212 (15.7) | 405 (17.3) | 377 (14.6) | 485 (18.8) | 1 574 (15.6) |
| India | |||||||
| Samples (n) | 3 320a | 3 630a | 4 702a | 3 623 | 5 542 | 7 207 | 28 024 |
| Positive, no. (%) | 117 (3.5) | 166 (4.6) | 204 (4.3) | 564 (15.6) | 662 (11.9) | 1 090 (15.1) | 2 803 (10.0) |
| Indonesia | |||||||
| Samples (n) | – | 2 098 | 2 394 | 3 307 | 3 527 | 3 824 | 15 150 |
| Positive, no. (%) | – | 185 (8.8) | 580 (24.2) | 437 (13.2) | 716 (20.3) | 593 (15.5) | 2 511 (16.6) |
| Lao People's Democratic Republicb | |||||||
| Samples (n) | – | – | 483 | 2 094 | 1 519 | 1 853 | 5 949 |
| Positive, no. (%) | – | – | 85 (17.6) | 625 (29.8) | 355 (23.4) | 237 (12.8) | 1 302 (21.9) |
| Malaysia | |||||||
| Samples (n) | 1 657 | 1 841 | 2 196 | 1 682 | 862 | 2 085c | 10 323 |
| Positive, no. (%) | 130 (7.8) | 218 (11.8) | 209 (9.5) | 225 (13.4) | 48 (5.6) | 64 (3.1) | 894 (8.7) |
| Philippines | |||||||
| Samples (n) | 5 959 | 6 291 | 12 058 | 23 903 | 11 212 | 9 685c | 69 108 |
| Positive, no. (%) | 529 (8.9) | 536 (8.5) | 835 (6.9) | 7 914 (33.1) | 1899 (16.9) | 894 (9.2) | 12 607 (18.2) |
| Singapore | |||||||
| Samples (n) | – | 13 285 | 15 393 | 17 037 | 6 936 | 2 798c | 55 449 |
| Positive, no. (%) | – | 326 (2.5) | 1 525 (9.9) | 6 322 (37.1) | 3499 (50.4) | 1 129 (40.4) | 12 801 (23.1) |
| Thailand | |||||||
| Samples (n) | – | 4 315 | 3 736 | 3 067 | 3 171 | 3 132 | 17 421 |
| Positive, no. (%) | – | 794 (18.4) | 907 (24.3) | 645 (21.0) | 810 (25.5) | 646 (20.6) | 3 802 (21.8) |
| Viet Nam | |||||||
| Samples (n) | 4 146 | 6 215 | 6 904c | 4 372 | 1 886 | 5 976c | 29 499 |
| Positive, no. (%) | 812 (19.6) | 1 073 (17.3) | 1 477 (21.4) | 760 (17.4) | 193 (10.2) | 926 (15.5) | 5 241 (17.8) |
| Total samples | 15 082 | 38 922 | 51 867 | 64 693 | 40 709 | 42 338 | 253 611 |
| Total positive, no. (%) | 1 588 (10.5) | 3 393 (8.7) | 6 304 (12.2) | 18 351 (28.4) | 9 117 (22.4) | 6 529 (15.4) | 45 282 (17.9) |
a Testing by viral isolation.
b Surveillance included both outbreak sentinel surveillance.
c Data from FluNet.
Note: All tested samples (nasopharangeal swabs) came from people of all ages who presented to sentinel outpatient clinics with influenza-like illness: i.e. fever (reported or documented temperature > 38 °C) and cough or sore throat.