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Pyruvate increases ATP production and NADPH/NADP+ ratio. Panel A: OGD lowered ATP content of HT22 cells by 60%. Pyruvate (Pyr) sharply increased ATP content in the absence and presence of rtPA. Panel B: Pyruvate sharply increased NADPH/NADP+ ratio in post-OGD cells in the absence and presence of rtPA. *p < 0.05 vs. Normoxia (Norm), †p < 0.05 vs. Control, ‡p < 0.05 vs. rtPA.
