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. 2014 Mar 14;14:181. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-181

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Copyright © 2014 Chen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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A Model of phenotypic alteration involving SMAD4 loss in PDAC cells. SMAD4 wild type PDAC cells exhibits more fibroblast-like morphology, which high express Nestin, SMA, CD44 gene, with the increase of activation of p38 MAPK and TGFβ1 signaling, and acquisition of a more high expression levels for the c-Jun, c-Fos, Hes1 NF-κb transcription factor genes. In contrast, inactivation of SMAD4 in PDAC cells exhibits more well differentiate epithelial like (cobblestone) morphology and leads to an overall increase in E-cadherin, CD133, VEGF, EGFR and Sp-1 expressions with high levels of activation p-44/42 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.