Methods	RCT, 2 parallel groups.
	Unit of randomization: individual.
Participants	Dates of data collection: March - October 1982.
	Setting: A Meir General Hospitla, Kfar Sava, Israel.
	Inclusion criteria: patients undergoing CS, classified as “no-labor” if cesarean was performed before onset of labor and “labor” if occurred after onset of labor
	Exclusion criteria: evidence of infection, known allergy to penicillin, antibiotic therapy during the previous 2 weeks
Interventions	Mezlocillin 2 g IV 30 minutes before surgery, then 4 and 9 hours after surgery vs placebo IV 30 minutes before surgery, then 4 and 9 hours after surgery
Outcomes	Febrile morbidity (2 oral temperatures > 38°C at least 4 hours apart after the first 24 hours); endometritis (fever and uterine tenderness with or without a positive lochial culture and no other apparent cause of fever); UTI (> 105 colonies/ml after a negative pre-operative culture); wound infection (fever, cellulitis, exudate and tenderness)
Notes	Class of antibiotic: ureidopenicillin (mezlocillin).
	Subgroups:
	both elective and non-elective CS - data separated by elective and non-elective; before cord clamping.
Risk of bias
Item	Authors’ judgement	Description
Adequate sequence generation?	Unclear	“Patients were randomly assigned.”
		Method not described.
Allocation concealment?	Unclear	No information.
Blinding?	Unclear	Placebo controlled.
All outcomes		Insufficient information to judge whether there was blinding of study personnel
Incomplete outcome data addressed?	Unclear	7 patients were excluded for errors in following the protocol
All outcomes
		Excluded patients not included in analysis; data cannot be imputed
Free of selective reporting?	Unclear	Insufficient information to judge.
Free of other bias?	Unclear	“The groups did not differ significantly in obstetrical variables…indications for CS were similar in both groups.” Insufficient other information to judge.
Overall low risk of bias?	Unclear	Mostly unclear.