Methods	RCT: 2 parallel groups.
	Unit of randomization: individual.
Participants	Women undergoing elective CS (absence of labor and before rupture of membranes).
	Exclusion: allergy to penicillin or cephalosporin, prior antibiotic therapy within 7 days.
	Setting: United Arab Emirates.
Interventions	Cefuroxime 1.5 g after clamping of the cord vs no treatment.
Outcomes	Febrile morbidity (temperature of > 38°C after first 48 hours); endometritis (uterine tenderness and offensive lochia with fever and no other source); wound infection (erythema, induration or purulent discharge); UTI (> 100,000 bacteria/ml)
Notes	Majority of patients were indigent; follow up at 6 weeks.
	Class of antibiotic: second generation cephalosporin.
	Subgroups: elective CS; after cord clamping.
Risk of bias
Item	Authors’ judgement	Description
Adequate sequence generation?	Yes	“…a computer generated number scheme…”
Allocation concealment?	Unclear	Although “…randomization code and the mode of intervention was only known to the anesthesiology staff…” there is still insufficient information to judge allocation concealment
Blinding?	Yes	Not placebo controlled, but “patient and study co-ordinators unaware of group allocation”
All outcomes
		The mode of intervention was only known to the anesthesiology staff. So those assessing outcomes were not aware of allocation
Incomplete outcome data addressed?	Unclear	No losses or exclusions were reported. Analysis appears to be ITT
All outcomes
Free of selective reporting?	Unclear	Insufficient information to judge.
Free of other bias?	Unclear	The 2 groups were comparable regarding age, parity, weight, gestational age and indication for cesarean. Insufficient information overall
Overall low risk of bias?	Unclear	Mostly unclear, particularly allocation concealment.