Methods	RCT; 4 parallel groups.
	Unit of randomization: individual.
Participants	Dates of data collection: not reported.
	Setting: United Arab Emirates.
	Inclusion criteria: women undergoing elective CS (definition not provided)
	Exclusion: hypersensitivity to penicillin or cephalosporin; prior antibiotic therapy within 3 days; hepatorenal insufficiency; positive cultures or definite evidence of infection
Interventions	Pipericillin 4 g IV after the cord was clamped (N = 48) vs cephradine 500 mg plus metronidazole 500 mg both IV after the cord was clamped and every 8 hours × 2 (N = 47) vs piperacillin 2 g IV after clamping of the cord and 2 g every 8 hours × 2 (N = 52) vs no treatment (N = 51)
Outcomes	Febrile morbidity (fever > 38°C twice 4 hours apart after first day); endometritis (uterine and parametrial tenderness, foul smelling vaginal discharge); wound infection (local induration and tenderness with wound exudate)
Notes	3 women who developed drug reactions were excluded from study (1 from each of the treatment groups). Late morbidity evaluated at 4-6 weeks
	Class of antibiotic: Ureidopenicillin (pipericillin).
	Subgroups:
	elective CS; after cord clamping.
Risk of bias
Item	Authors’ judgement	Description
Adequate sequence generation?	Unclear	“… randomized…”
Allocation concealment?	Unclear	“…consecutively numbered sealed envelopes…” but as sequence generation was unclear, so allocation concealment will be unclear
Blinding?	Unclear	No information was provided.
All outcomes
Incomplete outcome data addressed?	Unclear	No losses were reported but 14 women were excluded (8/147 from treatment groups, 6/51 from control group). It was an ITT analysis but with available outcome data
All outcomes
Free of selective reporting?	Unclear	Insufficient information to judge.
Free of other bias?	Unclear	Insufficient information to judge.
Overall low risk of bias?	Unclear	Mostly unclear.