Methods	Quasi-RCT, 2 parallel groups.
	Unit of randomization: individual.
Participants	Dates of data collection; not reported.
	Setting: Hammersmith Hospital (N = 102) and Northwick Park Hospital (N = 99), London, England
	Inclusion criteria: women undergoing CS (both elective and emergency)
	Exclusion: on antibiotics, adverse reaction to penicillin or cephalosporin, pyrexia > 37.5 degrees C in labor, known vaginal pathogen, or suspected intrauterine infection
Interventions	Cephradine 2 g IV after induction of anesthesia and 1 g 6 and 12 hours after the operation (N = 101) vs no treatment (N = 100)
Outcomes	Puerperal infection (temperature > 37.5°C after 24 hours); endometritis (pyrexia with uterine or adnexal tenderness); wound infection (purulent discharge or erythema, induration and serous discharge with positive culture); UTI (> 100,000 colony forming units in urine culture); length of hospital stay (7.63 for treatment group, 7.18 for control group [SD not provided])
Notes	Definitions of elective and emergency procedure, nor separate outcomes for each group, provided.
	Follow up completed 1987.
	Class of antibiotic: first generation cephalosporin.
	Subgroups:
	both elective and non-elective CS; before cord clamping.
Risk of bias
Item	Authors’ judgement	Description
Adequate sequence generation?	No	“…alternate patients…”
Allocation concealment?	No	“…alternate patients…”
Blinding? All outcomes	Unclear	No information was provided.
Incomplete outcome data addressed?	Unclear	No losses or exclusions were reported. Analysis appears to be ITT
All outcomes
Free of selective reporting?	Unclear	Insufficient information to judge.
Free of other bias?	Unclear	The 2 groups were comparable with respect to age, social class, single mother, weight, previous CS, the mode of onset of labor, the use of electronic fetal monitoring, the type of CS, gestational age, birthweight or the perinatal outcome. Insufficient information overall
Overall low risk of bias?	Unclear	Quasi-RCT indicates high risk of bias.