Table 3.
Results of binary logistic regression analyses predicting misuse from risk perception, societal stigma, and access.
| Prescription | Nonprescription | No Distinction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain OR (95% CI) | Sedatives and Tranquilizers OR (95% CI) | Stimulants OR (95% CI) | Pain OR (95% CI) | Sleep OR (95% CI) | Cough/Cold OR (95% CI) | |
| Step 1 {ΔR 2} | (.06) | (.10) | (.08) | (.02) | (.03) | (.04) |
|
| ||||||
| Age | 1.06 (.75, 1.49) | 1.20 (.76, 1.88) | 1.73** (1.27, 2.36) | 1.03 (.75, 1.41) | .85 (.47, 1.54) | 1.21(.89, 1.66) |
| Gender | .68 (.37, 1.25) | .59 (.24, 1.44) | .94 (.48, 1.84) | .61 (.35, 1.06) | 1.65 (.63, 4.34) | .54 (.28, 1.04) |
| Ethnicitya | ||||||
| Black | .20** (.07, .56) | .16** (.04, .63) | .50 (.13, 1.88) | 2.54 (.33, 19.71) | .75 (.09, 6.02) | .00b |
| Asian | .00b | .00b | .00b | .95 (.05, 16.50) | .74 (.04, 12.95) | .00b |
| Hispanic | .19 (.03, 1.10) | .22 (.02, 2.37) | .18 (.02, 2.114) | 3.63 (.37, 36.83) | .00b | .00b |
| Other | .30 (.09, 1.03) | .67 (.15, 2.96) | .32 (.06, 1.66) | 2.67 (.31, 23.19) | 1.02 (.11, 9.92) | .00b |
|
| ||||||
| Step 2 {ΔR 2} | (.28) | (.31) | (.31) | (.30) | (.29) | (.27) |
|
| ||||||
| Age | 1.00 (.66, 1.51) | .90 (.45, 1.80) | 2.18*** (1.48, 3.21) | .94 (.65, 1.35) | .77 (.42, 1.40) | 1.28 (.89, 1.83) |
| Gender | .96 (.47, 1.99) | .49 (.15, 1.54) | 1.23 (.55, 2.72) | .67 (.35, 1.26) | 1.64 (.56, 4.80) | .52 (.25, 1.10) |
| Ethnicitya | ||||||
| Black | .23* (.07, .76) | .09** (.02, .54) | .66 (.13, 3.41) | 2.52 (.29, 21.93) | .38 (.04, 4.11) | .00b |
| Asian | .00b | .00b | .00b | .65 (.03, 13.66) | 1.53 (.06, 40.06) | .00b |
| Hispanic | .09* (.01, .72) | .18 (.01, 3.15) | .21 (.01, 3.41) | 3.35 (.28, 40.55) | .00b | .00b |
| Other | .29 (.07, 1.22) | .48 (.08, 3.07) | .85 (.12, 6.00) | .62 (.25, 1.51) | 1.21 (.09, 17.02) | .00b |
| PR | .78* (.64, .96) | .63** (.46, .87) | .71** (.56, .91) | .84 (.67, 1.04) | .91 (.69, 1.20) | 1.00 (.79, 1.27) |
| PSSD | 1.42 (.42, 4.89) | .28 (.07, 1.14) | .62 (.19, 2.02) | .62 (.25, 1.51) | .56 (.14, 2.28) | .65 (.23, 1.81) |
| PSS: | ||||||
| Parent | .92 (.63, 1.34) | 21.03* (1.9, 229.7) | .77 (.52, 1.15) | 1.08 (.77, 1.51) | .81 (.49, 1.34) | .93 (.64, 1.35) |
| Peer | .52*** (.36, .75) | .84 (.47, 1.50) | .56** (.36, .87) | .70 (.48, 1.02) | .69 (.39, 1.19) | .52** (.34, .79) |
| Peer use | 1.12 (.97, 1.32) | 1.50** (1.16, 1.94) | 1.15 (.98, 1.35) | 1.24*** (1.12, 1.36) | 1.14 (.89, 1.46) | 1.19** (1.06, 1.33) |
| Access | ||||||
| School | 2.09* (1.01, 4.35) | 1.87 (.60, 5.76) | 1.54 (.65, 3.63) | 1.26 (.64, 2.47) | 1.03 (.36, 2.90) | 1.55 (.73, 3.30) |
| Home | 1.69 (.84, 3.42) | 3.57 (.75, 16.90) | 1.14 (.36, 3.57) | .10 (.01, 1.27) | 16.5 (3.4, 79.1)*** | .00b |
PR: perceived risk; PSS: perceived societal stigma; PSSD: prescription safer than street drug; ΔR 2: change in Nagelkerke R 2 at each step; aWhite/Caucasian is the comparison group; bodds ratio cannot be computed due to extremely large standard error.
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001.