Table 2.

Improvements in bias and variance of estimators. The sample size is N = 1000. Estimation methods: 1) MI [8]; 2) MA; 3) XU (proposed method); 4) RSK [11]. The computation of the biases and standard deviations excluded the instances where α was greater than α_max for the MI, MA, XU methods. A star (*) indicates the best relative RMSE value among the four estimators.

	MI	MA	XU	RSK
Total absolute value of the relative bias of α̂	47.9	19.6	17.5	23.9
Total absolute value of the relative bias of κ̂	42.2	33.2	34.7	60.7
Total normalized standard deviation of α̂	108.9	73.7	70.3	84.5
Total normalized standard deviation of κ̂	117.0	92.0	91.1	62.1
Total value of the relative RMSE of α̂	120.3	76.7	72.7*	88.2
Total value of the relative RMSE of κ̂	126.6	99.1	99.1	92.7*