Table 1. Characteristics of the study sample by race and sex: The Bogalusa Heart Study.

Study variable	White		Black		P for difference
s	Male (n = 336)	Female (n = 411)	Male (n = 116)	Female (n = 188)	Race	Sex
Age (years)	36.6±4.4	36.4±4.4	36.7±4.3	35.5±4.9	0.12	0.09
Cigarette smoking					0.01	0.63
Current smokers (%)	29.8	28.7	39.7	31.4
Former smokers (%)	13.7	14.6	7.8	8.0
Never smokers (%)	56.5	56.7	52.6	60.6
Leisure time physical activity					0.005	<0.001†
Low (%)	7.1	12.2	13.8	14.9
Moderate (%)	56.3	64.7	47.4	52.1
Vigorous (%)	36.6	23.1	38.8	33.0
Alcohol drinking (%)	71.4	60.6	76.7	51.6	0.04‡	<0.001
Metabolic Syndrome (%)	24.7	17.3	23.3	20.7	0.69	0.01†
Diabetes medication (%)	3.3	1.5	3.5	3.2	0.35	0.18
Antihypertensive medication (%)	8.3	3.9	10.3	10.6	0.001‡	0.01†
High cholesterol medication (%)	4.2	2.9	1.7	1.1	0.06	0.25
BMI (kg/m2)	29.0±5.6	28.2±7.1	29.3±6.9	30.9±8.0	<0.001‡	0.07
Waist circumference (cm)	99.0±14.5	86.8±16.3	96.9±17.1	93.0±17.8	<0.001‡	<0.001†
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)	129.8±34.3	124.0±32.7	125.5±41.6	114.4±30.5	0.002	0.001
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL)	41.2±12.1	50.6±13.0	48.9±15.5	52.2±13.4	<0.001¶	<0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	163.0±129.5	121.9±70.1	132.4±112.0	89.0±40.3	<0.001	<0.001
Glucose (mg/dL)	87.9±21.6	82.4±14.6	91.1±34.1	87.9±32.3	0.002	0.002
Insulin (µU/ml)	13.1±10.1	11.3±7.9	12.3±9.8	15.5±20.5	<0.001‡	<0.02£
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	118.2±10.9	111.0±11.2	128.4±16.5	118.8±16.0	<0.001	<0.001
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	74.8±8.2	69.6±8.8	80.8±12.8	73.9±11.5	<0.001	<0.001
CIMT (mm)	0.861±0.190	0.763±0.125	0.898±0.217	0.804±0.160	<0.001	<0.001

Mean±SDs are shown unless otherwise noted.

LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; BP = Blood pressure; CIMT: carotid intima-media thickness.

^†: only in whites;

^‡: only in females;

^¶: only in males;

^£: in opposite direction in different race groups.

P values were adjusted for age and race/sex.