Table 1. The overall group, name and proposed Modes of Action (MoA) of the antifouling compounds.

Group	Name	IUPAC name	Mode of Action
Photosystem IIinhibitors	Atrazin	6-chloro-N 2-ethyl-N 4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine	Inhibits the electron transport inphotosystem II
	Irgarol1051	2-tert-butylamino)-4-(cyclopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine	Inhibits the electron transport inphotosystem II
	Seanine211	4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one	Inhibits the electron transport inphotosystem II
	Diuron	3-(3,4.dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea	Inhibits the electron transport inphotosystem II
Metals andorganometals	Cd	Cadmium ion	General toxicant, interacts with enzymesa
	Cu	Copper ion	General toxicant, interacts withenzymesa
	CuPT	Copper 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide	General toxicant, interacts withenzymesa
	Zn	Zink ion	General toxicant, interacts withenzymesa
	ZnPT	Zinc 2-pyridinethiol-oxide	General toxicant, interacts withenzymesa
	Ziram	Zinc bis(N,N’-dimethyl)-dithiocarbamate	Dimethyldithiocarbamate fungicide with Zn. Inhibitor of enzymes containing copper ions or sulfhydryl groups, including P450monooxygenases of the CYP 2A6 groupb
	TBT	tri-butyl-tin-chloride	PSII inhibitor (with tin), endocrine disruptorc
Fungicides	Chlorothalonil	Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile	Conjugation with, and depletion of, thiols (particularly glutathione) fromgerminating fungal cells, leading todisruption of glycolysis andenergy production, fungistasis andfungicidal action.
	Dichlofluanid	N-dichlorofluoromethylthio-N’,N’-dimethyl-N-phenylsulfamide	Multi-site mode of action, non-specific thiol reactant, inhibiting respiration.
	IPBC	3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate	AChE inhibitor and fungicide and bactericided
	PTPB	Pyridine triphenylboron	Fungicided
	TCMTB	2-thio cyano methyl thio benzothiazole	Fungicide, Inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transportc
	Tolylfluanid	N-dichlorofluoromethylthio-N’,N’-dimethyl-N-p-tolylsulfamide	Multi-site mode of action, non-specific thiol reactant, inhibiting respiration.

^aAltenburger, 2011 [88].

^bWalker, 2009 [49].

^cFernandez-Alba et al, 2002 [89].

^dZhou et al, 2006 [40].

Particularly for the fungicides, which have multiple and often undefined modes of action, different target sites are given in different references. For herbicides and fungicides used as pesticides we use the definition of Tomlin 2002 [29]. For the remaining compounds, the source of the MoA are given as footnotes.