Table 3. Dose-response relationship between current smoking, current alcohol drinking, Body Mass Index (BMI) and risk of self-reported symptoms of active TB disease in HBCs, 18-54 years.
| Category* | Exposure level | Men | Women | |||||||||
| TB+/Total | TB Prev. | Pooled Est.¶ | 99% CI | I2 | TB+/Total | TB Prev. | Pooled Est.¶ | 99% CI | I2 | |||
| Duration of current daily smoking† | Never smoker | 209/15,058 | 1.4% | 1·00 | 0·81–1·23 | 0·0% | 316/28,298 | 1.1% | 1.00 | 0·83–1·20 | 0·0% | |
| 1–10 years | 71/4817 | 1.5% | 1.06 | 0.74–1.52 | 0·0% | 37/1315 | 2.8% | 2.78 | 1.65–4.70 | 0·0% | ||
| 11–20 years | 45/2804 | 1.6% | 1.16 | 0.76–1.78 | 3.1% | 9/648 | 1.4% | 1.38 | 0.53–3.57 | 0·0% | ||
| > = 21 years | 34/1574 | 2.2% | 1.57 | 1.00–2.54 | 0·0% | 13/471 | 2.8% | 2.04 | 0.82–5.08 | 0·0% | ||
| Test for trend of odds: | χ2 = 7.1, p<0·008 | χ2 = 10.5, p<0·002 | ||||||||||
| Daily no. of cigarettes/pipes† | Never smoker | 209/15,058 | 1.4% | 1.00 | 0·87–1·21 | 0·0% | 316/28,298 | 1.1% | 1.00 | 0·81–1·23 | 0·0% | |
| 1–10 | 84/5673 | 1.4% | 1.09 | 0.62–1.93 | 0·0% | 45/1971 | 2.3% | 1.71 | 1.12–2.61 | 17·0% | ||
| 11–20 | 38/2685 | 1.4% | 1.09 | 0.57–2.09 | 32.4% | 11/383 | 2·9% | 2.52 | 1.13–5.63 | 71.5% | ||
| > = 21 | 28/837 | 3.3% | 2.19 | 1.08–4.44 | 0·0% | 3/80 | 3.8% | 2.96 | 0.64–13.62 | 0·0% | ||
| Test for trend of odds: | χ2 = 10.1, p<0·002 | χ2 = 13.5, p<0·0001 | ||||||||||
| Daily no. of standard drinks‡ | Abstainer | 211/15,126 | 1.4% | 1.00 | 0·82–1·23 | 0·0% | 296/25,155 | 1.2% | 1.00 | 0·86–1·16 | 0·0% | |
| 1–2 std. drinks/day | 150/9896 | 1.5% | 1.25 | 0.94–1.66 | 34.1% | 91/5906 | 1.5% | 1.58 | 1.08–2.31 | 0·0% | ||
| 3+ std. drinks/day | 24/1459 | 1.6% | 1.31 | 0.74–2.30 | 0·0% | 7/213 | 3.3% | 3.16 | 0.84–11.89 | 23·0% | ||
| Test for trend of odds: | χ2 = 3·9, p<0·01 | χ2 = 9.3, p<0·003 | ||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 18.5 and over | 204/18,469 | 1.1% | 1.00 | 0·79–1·19 | 0·0% | 192/19,357 | 1.0% | 1.00 | 0·79–1·17 | 0·0% | |
| 17.0–18.49 | 37/1855 | 2.0% | 1.65 | 1.01–2.67 | 0·0% | 35/2371 | 1.5% | 1.51 | 0.93–2.45 | 0·0% | ||
| 16.0–16.99 | 22/566 | 3.9% | 3.40 | 1.95–5.94 | 0·0% | 14/774 | 1.8% | 1.78 | 0.86–3.68 | 0·0% | ||
| <16.0 | 26/674 | 3.9% | 3.47 | 1.91–6.30 | 0·0% | 26/961 | 2.7% | 2.66 | 1.53–4.63 | 0·0% | ||
| Test for trend of odds: | χ2 = 70.8, p<0·001 | χ2 = 29·6, p<0·001 | ||||||||||
* adjusted for age and level of education; self-reported alcohol use†, current smoking‡, diabetes, and BMI<18.5 kg/m2 were additionally adjusted in the respective model;
¶
99% CIs shown in the reference categories indicate floating absolute risks (FARs).