Table 2.
Hemodynamic and subjective distress measures during stress testing according to sex and age.
| Age ≤50 yrs | Age >50 yrs | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women (N=24) | Men (N=25) | p | Women (N=25) | Men (N=24) | p | |
| Mental Stress | ||||||
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | ||||||
| Rest, minimum | 118.4 (17.7) | 125.3 (16.3) | 0.17 | 123.0 (17.3) | 124.4 (16.6) | 0.78 |
| Stress, maximum | 162.3 (25.2) | 171.3 (28.0) | 0.25 | 170.3 (31.3) | 175.0 (30.9) | 0.60 |
| Change | 48.0 (30.5) | 46.0 (19.4) | 0.79 | 47.3 (22.5) | 50.6 (21.2) | 0.60 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | ||||||
| Rest, minimum | 72.5 (12. 6) | 77.5 (10.9) | 0.15 | 71.4 (8.8) | 77.7 (8.9) | 0.016 |
| Stress, maximum | 102.2 (14.9) | 107.0 (17.7) | 0.32 | 100.9 (15.1) | 109.3 (18.7) | 0.088 |
| Change | 29. 7 (12.9) | 29.5 (15.2) | 0.98 | 29.4 (11.6) | 31.6 (14.5) | 0.57 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | ||||||
| Rest, minimum | 64.5 (8.5) | 59.8 (11.3) | 0.12 | 59.2 (9.0) | 59.5 (10.6) | 0.93 |
| Stress, maximum | 91.3 (15.3) | 88.0 (17.8) | 0.50 | 85.0 (16.7) | 92.1 (27.5) | 0.28 |
| Change | 26.7 (14.9) | 28.2(18.5) | 0.76 | 25.7 (12.7) | 32.6 (23.8) | 0.22 |
| Rate-pressure product during stress | 15,031 (4262) | 15,182 (4,305) | 0.90 | 14,596 (4,401) | 16,464 (7,033) | 0.27 |
| Subjective Ratings of Distress | ||||||
| Subjective Units of Distress Scale (0-100) | ||||||
| Baseline | 28.2 (32.7) | 10.4 (15.7) | 0.022 | 21.0 (29.0) | 21.4 (26.4) | 0.96 |
| Post-stress | 38.5 (32.3) | 30.2 (29.4) | 0.36 | 37.4 (32.9) | 32.9 (26.3) | 0.60 |
| Change | 10.3 (29.3) | 21.1 (25.6) | 0.18 | 16.4 (44.5) | 11.5 (33.2) | 0.67 |
| Visual Analog Scales (0-4) | ||||||
| Nervousness | ||||||
| Baseline | 1.04 (1.36) | 0.73 (1.26) | 0.41 | 0.96 (1.08) | 0.88 (0.93) | 0.77 |
| Post-stress | 1.54 (1.53) | 1.21 (1.34) | 0.43 | 1.58 (1.45) | 1.31 (1.27) | 0.49 |
| Change | 0.46 (1.54) | 0.48 (1.60) | 0.96 | 0.62 (1.24) | 0.44 (1.43) | 0.64 |
| Anxiety | ||||||
| Baseline | 1.42 (1.50) | 0.90 (1.27) | 0.20 | 1.50 (1.33) | 1.19 (1.22) | 0.40 |
| Post-stress | 1.67 (1.40) | 1.31 (1.25) | 0.36 | 1.70 (1.41) | 1.50 (1.35) | 0.62 |
| Change | 0.25 (1.54) | 0.42 (1.61) | 0.71 | 0.20 (1.66) | 0.31 (1.77) | 0.81 |
| Fear | ||||||
| Baseline | 0.21 (0.66) | 0.21 (0.83) | 0.99 | 0.35 (0.54) | 0.25 (0.61) | 0.55 |
| Post-stress | 0.65 (1.27) | 0.54 (1.01) | 0.75 | 0.58 (1.08) | 0.67 (0.92) | 0.76 |
| Change | 0.44 (1.03) | 0.33 (1.33) | 0.76 | 0.23 (0.86) | 0.42 (1.10) | 0.52 |
| Anger | ||||||
| Baseline | 0.29 (0.99) | 0.04 (0.20) | 0.24 | 0.10 (0.41) | 0.29 (0.81) | 0.30 |
| Post-stress | 0.65 (1.34) | 0.25 (0.66) | 0.20 | 0.63 (1.09) | 0.71 (1.20) | 0.81 |
| Change | 0.36 (1.52) | 0.21 (0.71) | 0.66 | 0.52 (1.06) | 0.42 (1.10) | 0.73 |
| Physical Stress | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | ||||||
| Rest, minimum | 116.9 (15.7) | 124.4 (14.6) | 0.088 | 118.8 (20.6) | 126.2 (17.3) | 0.18 |
| Stress, maximum | 174.2 (27.8) | 191.1 (35.0) | 0.070 | 189.0 (32.3) | 195.0 (25.6) | 0.48 |
| Change | 57.3 (26.3) | 66.9 (28.5) | 0.23 | 70.2 (36.5) | 68.8 (22.2) | 0.87 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg) | ||||||
| Rest, minimum | 73.2 (10.2) | 79.4 (11.0) | 0.045 | 71.0 (8.5) | 78.2 (10.5) | 0.012 |
| Stress, maximum | 90.2 (17.5) | 97.5 (17.7) | 0.16 | 90.7 (16.1) | 96.8 (16.9) | 0.21 |
| Change | 17.0 (14.9) | 18.3 (16.8) | 0.78 | 19.8 (16.6) | 18.6 (13.2) | 0.79 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | ||||||
| Rest, minimum | 66.5 (8.8) | 63.6 (12.0) | 0.34 | 64.0 (10.8) | 63.1 (11.3) | 0.77 |
| Stress, maximum | 153.5 (22.8) | 149.4 (23.0) | 0.53 | 147.8 (27.1) | 144.5 (20.2) | 0.64 |
| Change | 87.0 (23.0) | 85.8 (26.6) | 0.86 | 85.8 (24.1) | 81.4 (22.0) | 0.51 |
| Rate-pressure product during stress | 27,009 (6,852) | 28,965 (8,501) | 0.38 | 28,210 (7,988) | 28,318 (5,776) | 0.96 |
All values are means (standard deviation).
* Difference in ratings posttest-pretest. Ratings were obtained only for mental stress. A positive value indicates more distress after mental stress.