Table 3.
Terminology and biomarkers frequently used in exercise science research studies related to antioxidant properties [20–23]
| Abbreviation | Definition | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Antioxidant power available in circulationa | ||
| ORAC | Oxygen radical absorbance capacity | Comparison: radical scavenging ability of a standard antioxidant e.g. Trolox |
| TEAC | Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity | Comparison: radical scavenging ability of a standard antioxidant e.g. Trolox |
| TAS | Total antioxidant status | Trolox, or other relevant antioxidant standard |
| FRAP | Ferric-reducing ability of plasma | |
| GAE | Gallic acid equivalents | Total polyphenol content using gallic acid as standard |
| CE | Catechin equivalents | Similar to previous |
| Evidence of lipid peroxidation or potential for lipid peroxidation | ||
| LH | Lipid hydroperoxides | Early evidence of lipid peroxidation |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde | |
| TBARS | Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances | Including MDA and other byproducts of lipid peroxidation |
| IsoP; iP | Isoprostanes | Resulting from free radical oxidation of arachidonic acid |
| Evidence of protein oxidation | ||
| PC | Protein carbonyls | Determined using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine assay |
| CO | Carbonyl groups | |
aCould be used to assess the supplement itself (drink or dissolved powder extract)