Table 2.
Clinical and laboratory features of type 2 diabetic patients with and without retinopathy. Values are means (±SD) or number (%).
| NO DR (n = 34) | NPDR (n = 34) | PDR (n = 49) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 59.4 ± 10.2 | 61.3 ± 10.1 | 59.2 ± 12.7 | 0.716 |
| Sex (M/F) | 20/14 | 22/12 | 21/28 | 0.964 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 134.29 ± 12.41 | 129.77 ± 9.18 | 131.78 ± 6.70 | 0.268 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 85.77 ± 3.91 | 81.78 ± 2.47 | 83.68 ± 2.35 | 0.219 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 11.55 ± 1.61 | 11.66 ± 1.23 | 10.79 ± 2.15 | 0.254 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 7.32 ± 1.32 | 7.49 ± 0.81 | 7.15 ± 1.56 | 0.288 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6.63 ± 0.89 | 6.46 ± 0.79 | 6.31 ± 0.61 | 0.421 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.21 ± 0.44 | 2.31 ± 0.57 | 2.39 ± 0.77 | 0.216 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.3 ± 9.1 | 32.7 ± 7.3 | 33.1 ± 5.9 | 0.684 |
| Insulin (μU/mL) | 10.70 ± 3.13 | 12.08 ± 4.18 | 16.47 ± 4.59 | 0.076 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.96 ± 0.77 | 3.18 ± 0.60 | 3.25 ± 1.13 | 0.116 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.7 ± 1.2 | 8.1 ± 0.3 | 8.3 ± 1.7 | 0.638 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 7.52 ± 1.23 | 7.78 ± 1.38 | 7.68 ± 1.27 | 0.087 |
| Macrovascular disease | 6 (14%) | 14 (33%) | 19 (44%) | <0.001 |
| FGF21* (pg/mL) | 326.8 ± 81.6∗# | 631.9 ± 73.8† | 669.4 ± 89.2 | <0.001 |
Bonferroni-adjusted t-test: *P = 0.01 compared with nonproliferative DR (NPDR), # P = 0.001 compared with proliferative DR (PDR), and † P = 0.671 compared with PDR.