Table 2.
GEE analysis predicting making quit attempts at the next wave.
| Making quit attempts OR (95% CI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| Personality variables: | ||||
| Future time perspective | 1.57 (1.46–1.70)*** | 1.56 (1.44–1.68)*** | 1.15 (1.05–1.25)** | 1.14 (1.04–1.24)** |
| Sensation-seeking scale | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.99 (0.95–1.05) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) |
| Socio-demographics: | ||||
| Age group | ||||
| 18–24 | – | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 25–39 | – | 0.64 0.55–0.75)*** | 0.65 (0.56–0.76)*** | 0.71 (0.61–0.83)*** |
| 40–54 | – | 0.55 (0.47–0.64)*** | 0.57 (0.49–0.68)*** | 0.68 (0.58–0.81)*** |
| 55+ | – | 0.61 (0.51–0.73)*** | 0.78 (0.65–0.94)** | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | – | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Female | – | 1.11 (1.02–1.21)* | 0.98 (0.89–1.07) | 0.97 (0.88–1.06) |
| Income | ||||
| Low | – | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Medium | – | 0.97 (0.88–1.08) | 0.96 (0.86–1.08) | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) |
| High | – | 1.02 (0.91–1.15) | 1.01 (0.89–1.14) | 0.98 (0.87–1.12) |
| Not disclosed | – | 0.78 (0.65–0.93)** | 0.85 (0.69–1.03) | 0.85 (0.70–1.03) |
| Education | ||||
| Low | – | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Medium | – | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) | 1.00 (0.91–1.11) | 0.98 (0.88–1.08) |
| High | – | 1.24 (1.09–1.42)** | 1.19 (1.04–1.37)* | 1.13 (0.99–1.30) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | – | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Married | – | 0.92 (0.82–1.04) | 0.88 (0.78–0.99)* | 0.87 (0.77–0.99)* |
| Others | – | 1.08 (0.96–1.21) | 1.06 (0.94–1.19) | 1.06 (0.93–1.19) |
| Year recruited | ||||
| 2002 | – | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2003 | – | 0.85 (0.74–0.97)* | 0.83 (0.72–0.96)* | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) |
| Survey wave | ||||
| 1 | – | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2 | – | 1.38 (1.29–1.48)*** | 1.46 (1.35–1.57)*** | 1.43 (1.33–1.55)*** |
| Country | ||||
| US | – | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Canada | – | 0.78 (0.69–0.88)*** | 0.81 (0.72–0.92)** | 0.79 (0.70–0.90)*** |
| UK | – | 0.74 (0.65–0.83)*** | 0.82 (0.73–0.93)** | 0.80 (0.71–0.91)** |
| Australia | – | 0.81 (0.72–0.91)*** | 0.87 (0.78–0.99)* | 0.86 (0.76–0.97)* |
| Quit enhancing variables: | ||||
| Quit intention | – | – | 2.46 (2.20–2.76)*** | 2.30 (2.05–2.59)*** |
| Perceived health benefits of quitting | – | – | 1.07 (1.02–1.12)** | 1.07 (1.03–1.12)** |
| Knowledge of smoking harm | – | – | 0.99 (0.82–1.19) | 0.89 (0.74–1.08) |
| Perceived health damage | – | – | 0.97 (0.92–1.03) | 0.99 (0.94–1.06) |
| Worries re future health damage | – | – | 1.08 (1.02–1.15)* | 1.08 (1.02–1.15)* |
| Perceived quality of life damage | – | – | 1.11 (1.05–1.17)*** | 1.13 (1.07–1.19)*** |
| Worries re future quality of life damage | – | – | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) | 1.06 (0.99–1.12) |
| Thoughts about smoking harm | – | – | 1.19 (1.13–1.25)*** | 1.17 (1.11–1.23)*** |
| Thoughts about money spent | – | – | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | 1.03 (0.98–1.07) |
| Quit inhibiting variables: | ||||
| Heaviness of smoking index | – | – | – | 0.87 (0.84–0.89)*** |
| Perceived smoking function | – | – | – | 0.85 (0.79–0.91)*** |
| Thoughts re smoking enjoyment | – | – | – | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) |
| Self-rated health status | – | – | – | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) |
NB. Analytic sample N is smaller than 7883 because of missing data with the smallest N being 7516. Total person-wave observations=12,077 with the smallest being 11,291 due to missing data.
*
Significant at p<.05.
**
Significant at p<.01.
***
Significant at p<.001.