Table 1.

Summary of metformin trials in adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Ref.	Study type	Subject number	Therapy	Compared with	Duration	NAFLD vs NASH	Liver enzymes	Histology
Marchesini et al[32]	Open label, single arm	20	Metformin	Baseline	4 mo	NASH	Improved	Not assessed
Nair et al[33]	Open label, Single arm	15	Metformin	Baseline	48 wk	NAFLD	Transiently improved	Mildly improved
Uygun et al[34]	Open label, RCT	36	Metformin	Diet/Exercise	6 mo	NASH	Improved	Not improved
Bugianesi et al[35]	Open label, RCT	110	Metformin	Vitamin E/Diet	12 mo	NAFLD	Improved	Improved
Duseja et al[36]	Open label, RCT	50	Metformin	Diet	6 mo	NAFLD	Improved	Not assessed
de Oliveira et al[37]	Open label, Single arm	20	Metformin and NAC	Baseline	12 mo	NASH	Improved	Improved
Loomba et al[38]	Open label, Single arm	28	Metformin	Baseline	48 wk	NASH	Improved	Improved
Haukeland et al[39]	Open label, RCT	48	Metformin	Diet/Exercise	6 mo	NAFLD	Improved	Not improved
Garinis et al[40]	Open label, RCT	50	Metformin	Diet	6 mo	NAFLD	Improved	Not assessed
Shargorodsky et al[41]	Open label, RCT	63	Metformin	Placebo	12 mo	NAFLD	Not improved	Not assessed

NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; RCT: Randomized controlled trials.