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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Bioelectromagnetics. 2013 Aug 29;34(8):599–612. doi: 10.1002/bem.21810

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

SE images of a laser-etched PT surface before and after electrical stimulation. A: Laser etched markings were used to find the same location on the surface before and after stimulation. B,C:Low and high magnification images of the surface before stimulation showed the presence of microscale machining marks and no appreciable nanostructures on the surface. D,E: Low and high magnification images after 2 h of electrical stimulation in the custom-made polycarbonate plates with culture media revealed no visible differences on the surface except for some electron charging, probably due to protein adsorption from the media.