Table 3.
Incidence rate ratios of ultrasound- or hysterectomy-confirmed uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal women according to severity, chronicity, and type of violence exposure in childhood or adolescence: Nurse’s Health Study II (1989–2005)
| Characteristics | No. Woman- Years | No. Cases | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cumulative Abuse History | |||||
| No exposure to violence d | 262,132 | 3214 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Mild/Moderate Single Type | 272,888 | 3656 | 1.09 (1.04– 1.14) | 1.08 (1.03– 1.14) | 1.08 (1.03– 1.13) |
| Mild-Multiple or Severe-Single Type(s) | 108,717 | 1648 | 1.21 (1.14– 1.28) | 1.18 (1.11– 1.25) | 1.17 (1.10– 1.24) |
| Moderate-Chronic or -Multiple Types | 53,334 | 858 | 1.30 (1.21– 1.40) | 1.24 (1.15– 1.34) | 1.23 (1.14– 1.33) |
| Severe-Chronic or -Multiple Types | 19,696 | 333 | 1.34 (1.20– 1.50) | 1.25 (1.11– 1.40) | 1.24 (1.10– 1.39) |
| Severe Chronic and Multiple Types | 12,099 | 225 | 1.53 (1.33– 1.75) | 1.39 (1.14– 1.57) | 1.36 (1.18– 1.54) |
| Childhood Trauma Scale Score | |||||
| 0–5d | 83,900 | 1025 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 6–10 | 397,576 | 5126 | 1.09 (1.02– 1.16) | 1.09 (1.02– 1.17) | 1.09 (1.02– 1.16) |
| 11–15 | 163,933 | 2382 | 1.21 (1.12– 1.30) | 1.20 (1.11– 1.29) | 1.18 (1.10– 1.28) |
| 16–20 | 60,394 | 993 | 1.36 (1.25– 1.49) | 1.33 (1.21– 1.45) | 1.31 (1.20– 1.43) |
| 21–25 | 23,061 | 412 | 1.46 (1.29– 1.63) | 1.37 (1.22– 1.54) | 1.35 (1.20– 1.51) |
| Abuse Severitye | |||||
| Severity of Physical Abuse | |||||
| Noned | 347,838 | 4407 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Mild | 137,116 | 1879 | 1.08 (1.02– 1.14) | 1.08 (1.03– 1.15) | 1.09 (1.03– 1.15) |
| Moderate | 186,865 | 2711 | 1.11 (1.06– 1.16) | 1.10 (1.05– 1.15) | 1.10 (1.04– 1.15) |
| Severe | 57,046 | 941 | 1.21 (1.12– 1.30) | 1.16 (1.08– 1.25) | 1.16 (1.07– 1.25) |
| Frequency of Sexual Abuse | |||||
| Noned | 495,550 | 6365 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Sexual Touching as Child or Teen | 157,884 | 2346 | 1.11 (1.06– 1.17) | 1.10 (1.04– 1.15) | 1.09 (1.04– 1.14) |
| Forced Sexual Activity as Child or Teen | 58,057 | 918 | 1.19 (1.11– 1.27) | 1.12 (1.05– 1.21) | 1.12 (1.04– 1.21) |
| Forced Sexual Activity as Child &Teen | 17,374 | 309 | 1.28 (1.14– 1.44) | 1.18 (1.05– 1.33) | 1.16 (1.03– 1.31) |
| Type of Abusee | |||||
| None d | 262,132 | 3214 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Physical abuse only | 233,418 | 3151 | 1.10 (1.05– 1.15) | 1.09 (1.04– 1.15) | 1.09 (1.04– 1.15) |
| Sexual Abuse only | 85,706 | 1193 | 1.12 (1.05– 1.19) | 1.09 (1.02– 1.17) | 1.09 (1.02– 1.16) |
| Physical and sexual abuse | 147,609 | 2380 | 1.29 (1.22– 1.36) | 1.24 (1.17– .30) | 1.23 (1.16– 1.29) |
Model 1 controls for age, parental education, and race/ethnicity
Model 2 controls for all variables in Model 1 and parity (1, 2, ≥3 pregnancies >6 months); age of menarche (≤10, 11, 12, 13, 14,15,16, ≥17 years of age); age of first oral contraceptive use (never, 13–16, 17–20, 21–24 years); age of first birth (≤22, 23–25, ≥25 years of age); time since last birth (1–7, 8–15, ≥16 years); history of infertility (yes, no); menstrual irregularity (regular, somewhat irregular or 21–30 day cycle, very irregular >40 day cycle).
Model 3 controls for all variables in Model 2 and BMI (continuous); diastolic blood pressure (continuous).
Reference category.
Models mutually adjust for physical and sexual abuse;