Table 1.
Characteristics of postmenopausal NHS participants at baseline (1994), according to digoxin statusover follow-up.
| Characteristics | Digoxin users (n=5,004) | Non-users (n=69,966) |
|---|---|---|
| Age at baseline, mean (sd) | 65.7 (5.4) | 62.2 (6.3) |
|
| ||
| Age at menarche, mean (sd) | 12.5 (1.9) | 12.5 (1.8) |
|
| ||
| Age at menopause, mean (sd) | 49.2 (5.0) | 49.0 (5.7) |
|
| ||
| Height (inches) in 1976, mean (sd) | 64.8 (2.6) | 64.3 (3.3) |
|
| ||
| Body mass index, n (%) | ||
| Underweight (<20.0) | 104 (2.1) | 976 (1.4) |
| Normal (20.0 to 24.9) | 2,110 (43) | 29,582 (43) |
| Overweight (25.0 to 29.9) | 1,535 (31) | 23,925 (35) |
| Obese (≥30.0) | 1,206 (24) | 14,459 (21) |
| (Missing) | 49 | 1,024 |
|
| ||
| Ethanol consumption, n (%) | ||
| Non-drinker | 1,288 (27) | 14,835 (23) |
| 0.1 to 4.9 grams/day | 1,962 (41) | 28,789 (44) |
| 5.0–9.9 grams/day | 626 (13) | 8,872 (13) |
| 10.0–19.9 grams/day | 541 (11) | 8,154 (12) |
| ≥20 grams/day | 399 (8.3) | 5,135 (7.8) |
| (Missing) | 188 | 4,181 |
|
| ||
| Parity/age at first birth, n (%) | ||
| Nulliparous | 315 (6.5) | 3,922 (5.7) |
| 1–2 births, age ≤30 | 1,259 (26) | 18,957 (28) |
| 1–2 births, age >30 | 277 (5.7) | 3,454 (5.0) |
| 3–4 births, age ≤30 | 2,024 (41) | 29,857 (43) |
| 3–4 births, age >30 | 149 (3.1) | 1,307 (1.9) |
| ≥5 births, age ≤30 | 844 (17) | 10,948 (16) |
| ≥5 births, age >30 | 19 (0.4) | 214 (0.3) |
| (Missing) | 117 | 1,307 |
|
| ||
| Postmenopausal hormone (PMH) use, n (%) | ||
| Never used hormones | 1,361 (31) | 21,159 (33) |
| Former user | 1,246 (28) | 13,834 (21) |
| Current user, duration <5 years | 441 (9.8) | 10,610 (16) |
| Current user, duration ≥5 years | 1,475 (33) | 18,782 (29) |
| (Missing) | 481 | 5,581 |
|
| ||
| PMH type (among current users), n (%) | ||
| Oral estrogen | 1,129 (59) | 14,828 (50) |
| Oral estrogen + progesterone | 643 (34) | 12,747 (43) |
| Other/unknown | 144 (7.5) | 1,817 (6.2) |
| (Missing) | 0 | 0 |
|
| ||
| Use of other medications, n (%) | ||
| Tamoxifen (preventive) | 3 (0.06) | 46 (0.07) |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 682 (14) | 5,623 (8.0) |
| NSAIDs | 1,143 (23) | 15,182 (22) |
| Beta blockers | 1,062 (21) | 6,960 (10) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 994 (20) | 6,059 (8.7) |
| ACE inhibitors | 725 (14) | 5,174 (7.4) |
| Diuretics | 1,037 (21) | 6,292 (9.0) |
|
| ||
| Medical history, n (%) | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 735 (15) | 777 (1.1) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2,133 (43) | 2,633 (3.8) |
| Diabetes | 570 (11) | 3,348 (4.8) |
| Regular screening mammograms | 3,911 (78) | 51,968 (74) |