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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 21.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Immunol. 2013 Dec 2;32:51–82. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120257

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Regulation of multiple CD4+ T cell phenotypes by TGF-β. The latent complex of TGF-β must be activated to function, and recent data highlight a key role for integrin αvβ6 expressed by epithelial cells and integrin αvβ8 expressed by dendritic cells in activating TGF-β. Once activated, TGF-β performs important functions in controlling both anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory T cell responses, with the presence of other cytokines dictating the functional outcome of TGF-β signaling in T cells.