The mRNA levels of α-SMA, E-cadherin and vimentin in HK-2 cell treated with 5 μg/L TGF-β1 in the presence or absence of VEGF at 0.1–100 μg/L for 48 h. (A) Representative RT-PCR of α-SMA, E-cadherin, and vimentin in HK-2 cells. (B) Compared with HK-2 cells treated with TGF-β1 alone, VEGF treatment significantly inhibited the expressions of α-SMA and vimentin and improved the expression of E-cadherin in a dose-dependent manner. Results were shown as ratio of optical density for α-SMA, E-cadherin, or vimentin to that of GAPDH and presented as mean±SD of 3 independent experiments. bP<0.05 vs respective HK2 cells untreated; eP<0.05 vs respective HK2 cells treated with 5 μg/L TGF-β1 alone.