Table 1.
Characteristics of non-diabetic participants in the IRAS, stratified by the distribution of MCRI at baseline
| N | Bottom third | Middle third | Top third | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Metabolic clearance of insulin (l/min) | 784 | 3.47 (2.79, 3.92) | 5.28 (4.79, 5.71) | 8.01 (7.11, 9.76) | |
|
| |||||
| Age (years) | 784 | 54 (46, 61) | 55 (48, 63) | 55 (49, 63) | 0.23 |
|
| |||||
| Sex (% female) | 784 | 53.8 | 57.5 | 53.6 | 0.61 |
|
| |||||
| Ethnicity (%) | |||||
| Non-Hispanic whites | 784 | 32.1 | 38.7 | 49.8 | <0.001 |
| African-Americans | 25.6 | 29.5 | 21.1 | ||
| Hispanics | 42.4 | 31.8 | 29.1 | ||
|
| |||||
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 784 | 47.0 | 42.2 | 31.4 | 0.001 |
|
| |||||
| Current drinker (%) | 784 | 74.4 | 72.7 | 74.0 | 0.79 |
|
| |||||
| Current smoker (%) | 784 | 11.8 | 13.8 | 14.6 | 0.90 |
|
| |||||
| Total energy expenditure (kJ/kg/day) | 780 | 158 (150, 177) | 161 (149, 181) | 164 (152, 186) | 0.026 |
|
| |||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 783 | 30.1 (27.7, 35.9) | 27.2 (25.2, 29.6) | 25.2 (23.2, 27.4) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 782 | 97.7 (90.0, 104.5) | 89.1 (80.9, 95.3) | 84.3 (76.0, 91.0) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Triacylglycerol (mmol/l) | 781 | 1.55 (1.10, 2.08) | 1.15 (0.84, 1.76) | 1.08 (0.82, 1.59) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 782 | 1.01 (0.85, 1.24) | 1.17 (0.95, 1.37) | 1.27 (1.06, 1.58) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 784 | 121 (111, 135) | 119 (109, 131) | 118 (108, 130) | 0.015 |
|
| |||||
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l) | 781 | 5.49 (5.16, 5.99) | 5.38 (5.05, 5.77) | 5.22 (4.94, 5.72) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Acute insulin response (μU/ml) | 784 | 66.3 (35.7, 105.7) | 44.3 (22.0, 71.0) | 25.3 (14.3, 45.7) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Insulin sensitivity (x10−4 min−1 [μU/l]−1) | 766 | 0.83 (0.43, 1.20) | 1.70 (1.19, 2.34) | 3.42 (2.31, 4.82) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| CRP (nmol/l) | 783 | 23.1 (13.4, 53.2) | 15.8 (6.67, 25.8) | 10.2 (5.43, 21.0) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Fibrinogen (μmol/l) | 780 | 8.14 (7.32, 9.32) | 7.94 (7.03, 8.99) | 7.70 (6.79, 8.58) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Leptin (μg/l) | 750 | 20.3 (9.0, 33.2) | 13.2 (6.2, 23.9) | 8.0 (4.2, 16.6) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| PAI-1 (pmol/l) | 779 | 462 (288, 692) | 327 (173, 500) | 250 (154, 365) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| TNF-α (ng/l) | 783 | 3.79 (2.90, 4.73) | 3.32 (2.50, 4.27) | 3.21 (2.55, 4.03) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| ALT (U/l) | 781 | 20 (14, 28) | 15 (11, 20) | 14 (9, 19) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Impaired glucose tolerance (%) | 784 | 43.1 | 31.4 | 23.4 | <0.0001 |
Data presented are medians (interquartile range) or n (%)