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. 2014 May 5;9(5):e95073. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095073

Figure 2. Mitochondrial DAMPs impaired NFκB activation.

Figure 2

MΦs from HV were pre-exposed to mitochondrial DAMPs (mtLys, 20 µg/ml, white bars), LPS (10 ng/ml, gray bars) or left untreated (black bars) for 5 days, then stimulated for 1 h with LPS. The qPCR analyses of (A) IRAK-M mRNA and (C) TNFα levels were performed. The ratio of mRNA [gene]/[β-actin] is given. Data are Mean ± SD. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs. corresponding control with no pre-treatment (ANOVA/Dunn). (B) Confocal microscopy analysis of MΦs under conditions indicated; representative pictures of three independently performed experiments are shown. The arrows indicate p65 in the nucleus. $Polymyxyn B (2 µl/ml) was added to mtLys.