Table 2. Study characteristics.
| Study | Patients (TMZ/Control) | TMZ (mg/day) | Follow-up duration | Inclusion criteria | Endpoints |
| Zhao et al., 2013 | 80 (40/40) | 60 | 6 months | Diabetes, IDCM, LVEF≤40% | Left ventricular function, exercise tolerance, CRP, BNP |
| Fragasso et al., 2011 | 44 (25/19) | 60 | 3 months | Chronic systolic HF, NYHA II–IV, LVEF <45%, | REE, LVEF, NYHA class, QOL |
| Cera et al., 2010 | 30 (17/13) | 60 | 6 months | Chronic stable HF, NYHA I–III, LVEF <45% | LVEF, NYHA class, electrophysiological indexes |
| Gunes et al., 2009 | 87 (51/36) | 60 | 3 months | Chronic stable HF, NYHA II–III, LVEF≤40% | Left and right ventricular functions |
| Marazzi et al., 2009 | 47 (23/24) | 40 | 6 months | Age ≥65 years, stable ischemic heart disease, LVEF <50% | QOL, NYHA class |
| Tuunanen et al., 2008 | 19 (12/7) | 70 | 3 months | IDCM, LVEF <47% | Echocardiographic parameters, myocardial metabolism, blood chemistry |
| Belardinelli et al., 2008 | 35 (19/16) | 60 | 3 months | Diabetes, stable ischemic heart disease | Myocardial scintigraphy parameters, blood biochemistry |
| Sisakian et al., 2007 | 82 (42/40) | 70 | 3 months | Stable ischemic heart disease, LVEF <40% | LVEF, exercise tolerance, NYHA class |
| Di Napoli et al., 2007 | 50 (25/25) | 60 | 6 months | Ischemic cardiomyopathy, LVEF <35% | Exercise tolerance, LVEF, NYHA class, BNP |
| Fragasso et al., 2006 | 65 (34/31) | 60 | 12 months | Chronic stable HF, LVEF <45% | Cardiovascular events, hospitalization, LVEF, NYHA class, QOL, BNP |
| Fragasso et al., 2006 | 12/12 | 60 | 3 months | Chronic stable HF, LVEF≤45% | Exercise tolerance, LVEF, NYHA class, cardiac PCr/ATP ratio |
| Di Napoli et al., 2005 | 61 (30/31) | 60 | 18 months | Ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, LVEF <40% | All-cause mortality, NYHA class, LVEF, CRP |
| El-Kady et al., 2005 | 200 (100/100) | 60 | 24 months | Ischemic cardiomyopathy, LVEF <50% | SPECT parameters, exercise tolerance, LVEF |
| Vitale et al., 2004 | 47 (23/24) | 60 | 6 months | Age ≥65 years, stable ischemic heart disease, LVEF <50% | Cardiovascular events, hospitalization, LVEF, NYHA class, QOL |
| Thrainsdottir et al., 2004 | 20/20 | 60 | 4 weeks | Diabetes, stable ischemic HF, NYHA II–III, LVEF≤40% | Exercise tolerance, left ventricular function |
| Rosano et al., 2003 | 32 (16/16) | 60 | 6 months | Diabetes, stable ischemic heart disease, LVEF <50% | Left ventricular function |
| Fragasso et al., 2003 | 16/16 | 60 | 6 months | Diabetes, ischemic cardiomyopathy, LVEF≤45% | LVEF, NYHA class, exercise tolerance, blood biochemistry |
| Belardinelli et al., 2001 | 44 (22/22) | 60 | 2 months | Ischemic cardiomyopathy | Contractile response to dobutamine, left ventricular systolic function |
| Brottier et al.,1990 | 23(10/13) | 60 | 6 months | Severe ischemic cardiomyopathy, NYHA III–IV | Clinical status, LVEF, cardiac volume |
BNP = brain natriuretic peptide; CRP = C-reactive protein; HF = heart failure; IDCM = idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA = New York Heart Association; QOL = quality of life; REE = resting energy expenditure; SPECT = single photon emission CT; TMZ = trimetazidine.