Table 2.
Study and patient characteristics
| Total samplea N=58 041 |
Predominantly child studiesb n = 21 581 |
Predominantly adolescent studiesc N=746 |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study characteristics | ||||
| Number of studies | 15 a | 5 | 7 | |
| Study period (N,%) | 0.92 | |||
| Median <2000 | 5 (35.7%) | 2 (40.0%) | 3 (42.7%) | |
| Median ≥2000 | 9 (64.3%) | 3 (60.0%) | 4 (57.1%) | |
| Location (N,%) | 0.49 | |||
| Urban | 7 (58.3%) | 3 (60.0%) | 4 (80.0%) | |
| Mixed (urban and rural) | 5 (41.7%) | 2 (40.0%) | 1 (20.0%) | |
| Institution type (N,%) | 0.34 | |||
| University-teaching institutions | 7 (58.3%) | 2 (50.0%) | 4 (80.0%) | |
| Non-university/mixed institutions | 5 (41.7%) | 2 (50.0%) | 1 (20.0%) | |
| Setting (N,%) | (13) | (5) | (7) | 0.0034 |
| In-patient | 6 (46.2%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (85.7%) | |
| Out-patient and mixedd | 7 (53.4%) | 5 (100.0%) | 1 (14.3%) | |
| Country (N,%) | (15) | (5) | (7) | 0.24 |
| United States | 12 (80.0%) | 4 (80%) | 5 (71.5%) | |
| Europe | 2 (13.3%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (28.6%) | |
| Australia | 1 (6.7%) | 1 (20%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (mean, s.d.) | 13.4±1.7 (12) | 11.6±0.9 (5) | 14.6±0.7 (7) | 0.0004 |
| White (N,%) | 56.9±22.4 (10) | 54.5±18.2 (2) | 59.1±25.9 (7) | 0.82 |
| Male (N,%) | 67.1±10.2 (13) | 68.3±11.0 (5) | 66.0±11.2 (7) | 0.73 |
| Diagnosis (N,%) | ||||
| ADHD | 39.1±26.2 (8) | 50.6±25.4 (5) | 13.1±14.0 (2) | 0.12 |
| CD or ODD | 31.5±22.3 (8) | 39.5±27.5 (4) | 25.8±17.7 (3) | 0.49 |
| Bipolar spectrum disorders | 24.6±15.1 (8) | 20.8 (1) | 26.6±17.2 (6) | 0.77 |
| SCZ-spectrum disorders | 22.2±20.1 (13) | 16.4±13.8 (5) | 28.6±23.8 (7) | 0.33 |
| Anxiety disorders/depressive disorders | 18.7±12.7 (7) | 14.6±8.0 (3) | 26.9±14.9 (3) | 0.27 |
| Pervasive developmental disorders | 18.3±10.8 8) | 18.8±21.3 (2) | 20.8±6.15) | 0.83 |
| 14.2±10.2 (7) | 16.7±10.4 (3) | 12.3±11.2 (4) | 0.62 |
ADHD, Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder; CD, conduct disorder; ODD, oppositional defiant disorder; SCZ, schizophrenia.
a
Not all studies contributed data to all categories and the total number of studies is larger than the sum of child and adolescent studies, as data for mean age were not available in two studies.
b
Studies in which the mean participant age was <13.0 yr.
c
Studies in which the mean participant age was ≥13.0 yr.
d
Four studies contained mixed samples, predominantly consisting of out-patients, and 3 studies contained exclusively outpatients; Number of studies contributing data is shown in parentheses.
Values shown in bold indicate significant p values.