Table 2.
Summary Results of All 48-Hour Closed-Loop Experiments
| ID | CGM, mg/dL | BG, mg/dL | Projected HbA1c, % | Percentage in Range |
Insulin, U/kg · d | Glucagon, μg/kg · d | Insulin tmax, min | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <60 mg/dL | <70 mg/dL | 70–180 mg/dL | |||||||
| 202, A, AMB | 127 | 142 | 6.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 81.8 | 0.49 | 3.63 | 61 |
| 282, A, AMB | 142 | 125 | 6.0 | 9.3 | 16.6 | 68.9 | 0.99 | 8.98 | 73 |
| 290, A, AMB | 125 | 132 | 6.2 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 85.8 | 0.57 | 6.26 | 57 |
| 305, A, AMB | 120 | 121 | 5.8 | 4.6 | 9.7 | 82.6 | 0.50 | 10.06 | 73 |
| 312, A, AMB | 124 | 131 | 6.2 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 79.0 | 0.36 | 7.35 | 65 |
| 323, A, AMB | 133 | 143 | 6.6 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 82.4 | 0.71 | 4.31 | 35 |
| Mean, n = 6 | 129 | 132 | 6.2 | 2.3 | 5.1 | 80 | 0.6 | 6.8 | 61 |
| SD, n = 6 | 8 | 9 | 0.3 | 3.9 | 6.7 | 6 | 0.2 | 2.5 | 14 |
| 283, A, NMB | 147 | 156 | 7.1 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 56.2 | 0.83 | 6.43 | 134 |
| 303, A, NMB | 132 | 140 | 6.5 | 1.6 | 6.4 | 71.8 | 0.55 | 6.36 | 53 |
| 316, A, NMB | 130 | 134 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 11.3 | 63.1 | 0.51 | 12.81 | 114 |
| 324, A, NMB | 136 | 142 | 6.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 80.8 | 0.62 | 5.97 | 72 |
| 325, A, NMB | 148 | 145 | 6.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 74.1 | 0.85 | 1.96 | 61 |
| 327, A, NMB | 147 | 157 | 7.1 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 71.6 | 0.85 | 6.14 | 36 |
| Mean, n = 6 | 140 | 146 | 6.7 | 1.4 | 3.6 | 70 | 0.7 | 6.6 | 78 |
| SD, n = 6 | 8 | 9 | 0.3 | 2.7 | 4.5 | 9 | 0.2 | 3.5 | 38 |
| P value, A, AMB vs NMB | .03 | .03 | .03 | .64 | .67 | .04 | .40 | .93 | .32 |
| 228, P, AMB | 148 | 153 | 7.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 78.6 | 0.86 | 1.69 | 42 |
| 242, P, AMB | 156 | 166 | 7.4 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 63.1 | 1.39 | 5.73 | 69 |
| 275, P, AMB | 154 | 163 | 7.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 69.7 | 1.15 | 1.82 | 53 |
| 299, P, AMB | 151 | 159 | 7.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 69.0 | 1.09 | 2.77 | 118 |
| 300, P, AMB | 156 | 159 | 7.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 75.0 | 1.08 | 1.47 | 53 |
| 326, P, AMB | 170 | 171 | 7.6 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 55.2 | 1.08 | 1.47 | 73 |
| Mean, n = 6 | 156 | 162 | 7.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 68 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 68 |
| SD, n = 6 | 8 | 6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 27 |
| 263, P, NMB | 173 | 179 | 7.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 59.0 | 1.38 | 2.27 | 57 |
| 301, P, NMB | 157 | 164 | 7.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 62.9 | 0.93 | 0.56 | 57 |
| 308, P, NMB | 157 | 174 | 7.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 63.9 | 0.98 | 3.31 | 69 |
| 318, P, NMB | 161 | 174 | 7.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 62.5 | 1.02 | 1.83 | 61 |
| 319, P, NMB | 170 | 190 | 8.2 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 52.3 | 1.26 | 5.29 | 49 |
| 331, P, NMB | 172 | 171 | 7.6 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 57.1 | 1.41 | 4.00 | 65 |
| Mean, n = 6 | 165 | 175 | 7.7 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 60 | 1.2 | 2.9 | 60 |
| SD, n = 6 | 8 | 9 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 4 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 7 |
| P value, P, AMB vs NMB | .06 | .01 | .01 | 1.00 | .78 | .05 | .63 | .70 | .49 |
| P value, A vs P, AMB | <.01 | <.01 | <.01 | .218 | .144 | .021 | <.01 | <.01 | .573 |
| P value, A vs P, NMB | <.01 | <.01 | <.01 | .289 | .145 | .038 | <.01 | .049 | .284 |
Results are broken out across the four subgroups: adults (A) receiving automatically AMB, adults receiving NMB, adolescents (P) receiving AMB, adolescents receiving NMB.