Table 5.
Associations between protective routines and obesity for parents and children.
| No. of protective routines | Has routine or not, % (95% CI) | Obesity prevalence, % (95% CI)a | Fb | OR | (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Multivariate adjustedc | ||||
| PARENT # OF ROUTINES | |||||
| Both routines | 39.8 (34.5–45.0) | 24.6 (17.1–32.1) | 0.776 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Only 1 routine | 47.8 (42.4–53.1) | 29.6 (22.3–37.0) | 1.29 (0.76–2.19) | 1.14 (0.65–2.00) | |
| No routines | 12.5 (08.9–16.0) | 31.7 (16.8–46.6) | 1.42 (0.66–3.07) | 1.40 (0.63–3.09) | |
| SPECIFIC PROTECTIVE PARENT ROUTINES | |||||
| Parent sleep ≥ 7 h/d | 73.3 (68.6–78.0) | 27.4 (19.3–38.9) | 0.084 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Lacks routine | 26.7 (22.0–31.5) | 29.1 (21.7–33.4) | 1.08 (0.63–1.87) | 1.11 (0.59–2.08) | |
| Mealtime routine | 54.0 (48.7–59.4) | 25.1 (18.7–31.6) | 1.404 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Lacks routine | 46.0 (40.7–51.3) | 31.1 (23.5–38.6) | 1.34 (0.83–2.19) | 1.15 (0.64–2.07) | |
| CHILD ROUTINES | |||||
| Any 3 or all 4d | 32.3 (27.3–37.4) | 13.8 (7.2–20.3) | 10.550** | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Any 2 | 27.0 (22.2–31.8) | 19.8 (11.4–28.1) | 1.55 (0.73–3.27) | 1.18 (0.45–3.09) | |
| Only 1 | 24.6 (20.0–29.3) | 31.3 (21.1–41.5) | 2.86 (1.40–5.85)** | 1.47 (0.47–4.54) | |
| None | 16.0 (12.1–20.0) | 33.3 (20.4–46.3) | 3.13 (1.43–6.87)** | 1.97 (0.81–4.79) | |
| SPECIFIC PROTECTIVE CHILD ROUTINES | |||||
| Child sleep ≥ 10 h/d | 51.9 (46.6–57.3) | 13.7 (8.6–18.9) | 18.052** | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Lacks routine | 48.1 (42.7–53.4) | 32.7 (25.4–40.0) | 3.06 (1.78–5.26)** | 2.87 (1.50–5.49)** | |
| Mealtime routine | 54.0 (48.7–59.4) | 23.1 (16.9–29.3) | 0.012 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Lacks routine | 46.0 (40.7–51.3) | 22.6 (15.9–29.2) | 1.03 (0.62–1.71) | 1.28 (0.69–2.39) | |
| Limits screen time | 46.6 (41.2–51.9) | 16.6 (10.7–22.4) | 6.685** | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Lacks routine | 53.4 (48.1–58.8) | 28.3 (21.7–35.0) | 1.99 (1.17–3.39)* | 1.30 (0.70–2.42) | |
| No bedroom TV | 34.7 (29.6–39.8) | 18.0 (10.9–25.0) | 2.444 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Lacks routine | 65.3 (60.2–70.4) | 25.5 (18.3–27.4) | 1.56 (0.89–2.74) | 1.05 (0.53–2.07) | |
a
Obesity prevalence for adults was BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, for children it was BMI ≥ 85th percentile.
b
Unweighted ANOVA tests.
c
Parent and child routines were adjusted for parent gender, parent age, racial/ethnic group, family income, parent education, and single-parent household (child were also adjusted for parent BMI).
d
Child routines were combined for three and four routines because only 11.6% of children had all 4 routines and it did not make a large enough percentage to use as a reference group category.
**
p < 0.01,
*
p < 0.05,
+p < 0.10.