Table 1.
Common genes/proteins involved in tissue fibrosis
| Gene | Expression (↑ or ↓) in Fibrotic Tissues |
|---|---|
| α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) | ↑ (63) |
| Collagen I | ↑ (8, 20) |
| Fibronectin | ↑ (31) |
| Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 | ↑ (52, 111) |
| Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) | ↑ (70) |
| Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β | ↑ (17, 86, 115) |
| Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61/CCN1) | ↑ (70) |
| Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) | ↑ (36, 96) |
| Lysyl oxidase (LOX) | ↑ (91) |
| Periostin | ↑ (87) |
| Monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 | ↑ (35) |
| Interleukin (IL)-6 | ↑ (46) |
| IL-33 | ↑ (73, 147) |
| sST-2 | ↑ (73, 147) |
| Thrombospondin-1 | ↑ (137) |
| Relaxin | ↑ (118, 143) |
| Epac1 | ↓ (140) |
| Snail | ↑ (133) |
| Slug | ↑ (133) |
References shown in parentheses.