Figure 4. Numerical simulation of nanostructures.

(a), COMSOL Multiphysics software is used for the modelling of core-region deformations. Formation of nanoschemes are simulated using the fluid instability phenomenon. Nanosprings are produced at low temperatures (215°C), where As₂Se₃ viscosity is very high. At higher temperatures, viscosity decreases and the glass core is broken up into a series of rods, while the production of nanopeapods is favored at temperatures around 230°C. (b), Process parameters controlling the formation of complex structures. Nanosprings and nanorods are not stable at very high temperatures, and complete nanospheres cannot be obtained at very low temperatures. Spline lines and straight lines are used to discriminate regions based on simulation results (points), while dotted lines represent an extrapolation for regions where the simulation does not converge. Transition regions correspond to intermediate stages of the formation of complete and regular nanostructure shapes.