Table 2.
Key depression outcome measures, within and between group findings.
| Author | Year | Outcome Measures | Follow-up Time Period | Within Group Findings | Between Group Findings | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arvold et al. | 2009 | Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire | 8 weeks | FIQ score Mean pre-post difference total (95%CI) intervention −3.71 (−7.5 to 0.1) (p < 0.03), control 1.91 (−2.9 to 6.7) (p > 0.05) | p < 0.05 favoring intervention | |
| Belcaro et al. | 2010 | Menopause Symptoms Questionnaire | 8 weeks | Total average symptom score reduced by 48% for intervention group (p < 0.05), control group increased by 10% (p > 0.05). | p < 0.05 favoring intervention | |
| Bertone-Johnson et al. | 2012 | Burnam Depression Scale | At 2 weeks, then twice yearly for 2 years | Mean overall change (SD) 0.004 (0.143) intervention, −0.002 (0.113) (control) | p > 0.05 | |
| Dean et al. | 2011 | Beck Depression Index | 6 weeks | Baseline: follow up mean (95%CI): Intervention 7.24 (5.58–8.90); 6.40 (4.73–8.07) (p > 0.05); control 5.72 (4.09–7.36); 5.38 (3.74–7.02) (p > 0.05) | p > 0.05 | |
| Dumville et al. | 2006 | SF12 mental component | 6 months | Mean difference (95%CI) between intervention and control at baseline −0.6 (−1.5 to 0.3) (p > 0.05); at follow up 1.8 (−0.8 to 1.2) (p > 0.05) | Mean adjusted (age- and baseline score) between group difference (95%CI) −0.49 (−1.34 to 0.81) p > 0.05 | |
| Gloth et al. | 1999 | SAD-8 | 1 month | Significant improvement in SAD-8 scores for intervention group, not control (explanatory data not provided) | Significant association between improvement in Vit D levels and SAD-8 scores in overall cohort (r2 = 0.26) | |
| Harris & Dawson-Hughes | 1993 | Profile of Mood States | 3 monthly for 12 months | No difference in pre-post scores for any domain of PoMS for either intervention or control (p > 0.05) | No difference between intervention or control change over time in any domain (p > 0.05) | |
| Jorde et al. | 2008 | Beck Depression Index (total score) | 12 months | Baseline: DD group 4.5 (0.0–24.0); DP group 5.0 (0.0–28.0); PP group 4.0 (0.0–24.0). Follow-up: DD group 3.0 (0.0–23.0) (p < 0.05); DP group 4.0 (0.0–26.0) (p < 0.05); PP group 3.8 (0.0–18.0) | DD and DP groups change was similar (p > 0.05) but significantly greater from PP (p < 0.05) | |
| Khajehei et al. | 2009 | PMS symptom rating form which captured psychological and physical symptoms including depression | Pre-mens for 2 cycles | Mean % total symptoms Pre: Dydrogesteron group 52.1%, Calcium plus Vitamin D group 50.7%, Placebo 53.7%. Post (respectively): 47.9%, 46.1%, 53.7%Both active treatment groups had significant decreases |
The dydrogesterone and calcium plus Vitamin D treatments were significantly more effective than placebo in lessening the severity of PMS symptoms (p < 0.05) | |
| Khora-minya et al. | 2013 | 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (1°), 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (2°) |
Every 2 weeks for 8 weeks | BDI Intervention Wk0 32.45 ± 7.35; Wk2 27.73 ± 7.50; Wk4 20.44 ± 6.56; Wk6 16.73 ± 8.11; Wk8 13.2 ± 8.64 (p < 0.05) Control. Wk0 31.65 ± 7.33; Wk2 29.17 ± 6.78; Wk4 25.18 ± 6.93; Wk6 21.00 ± 6.81; Wk8 17.95 ± 6.31 (p < 0.05) |
p < 0.05 for both outcomes, favoring intervention | |
| Lands-downe & Provost | 1998 | PANAS | 5 days | Sig within-group improvements for both active interventions (p < 0.05) | Sig improvements for both active interventions cf control for positive and negative affects (p < 0.05) | |
| Sanders et al. | 2011 | General Health Questionnaire SF12 (PCS, MCS), WHO Wellbeing Index | 3–5 years | Intervention: no intervention SF12 PCS effect size (95%CI) 0.27 (−2.40 to 2.94) 0.23 (−0.88 to 1.34) |
Treatment effects SF12 effect size (95%CI) PCS 0.22 (−70.75 to 1.19); MCS 70.14 (−71.00 to 0.72) | |
| Veith et al. | 2004 | Self-developed Wellbeing Scale | 2–6 months | Pre-post mean (SD): 600 I.U. 2.2 (2.0); 2.3 (2.3) (p > 0.05) 4000 I.U. 2.0 (2.3); 1.1 (1.8) (p < 0.05) |
Significant improvement in wellbeing, favoring higher Vit D dose | |
| Yalamanchilli & Gallagher | 2012 | Geriatric Depression Scale | 1. HT alone 2. calcitriol alone 3. HT & calcitrol 4. placebo |
% with depression (pre/post) 13.8%; 8.9%; 9.7%; 7.3%; 8.2%; 6.6% 13.8%; 8.9% All groups p > 0.05 |
No effect on depression in any treatment group compared with placebo (p > 0.05) | |
| Zhang et al. | 2011 | Profile of Mood States questionnaire | Average 8 days | Vit D group pre-post 23.1 ± 27.2; 22.4 ± 22.4 p > 0.05 Vit C group pre-post 28.6 ± 21.8; 18.8 ± 19.4) p < 0.05 |
p < 0.05 favouring Vit D | |