TABLE 1—
Individual and Community Characteristics of Women Eligible for Home Visiting by Referral and Enrollment Status: Ohio Department of Health, Hamilton County, OH, 2007–2009
| Among Total Eligible Population (n = 8187) |
Among Women Referred to Home Visiting (n = 2734) |
|||||
| Characteristic | Not Referred (n = 5453) | Referred (n = 2734) | P | Not Enrolled (n = 1191) | Enrolled (n = 1543) | P |
| No. of risk criteria,a % | ||||||
| 1 | 33.4 | 10.3 | < .001 | 10.4 | 10.2 | .81 |
| 2 | 60.2 | 65.8 | < .001 | 65.1 | 66.3 | .48 |
| 3 | 6.4 | 24.0 | < .001 | 24.5 | 23.5 | .56 |
| Age, y, mean | 22.7 | 20.0 | < .001 | 19.8 | 20.1 | .12 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | ||||||
| White | 55.8 | 33.1 | < .001 | 33.0 | 33.1 | .95 |
| African American | 42.2 | 65.8 | < .001 | 66.2 | 65.6 | .78 |
| Native American/Alaska Native | 0.2 | 0.3 | .3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | .96 |
| Asian | 1.8 | 0.8 | < .001 | 0.5 | 1.0 | .15 |
| Hispanic | 5.2 | 7.8 | < .001 | 8.9 | 7.0 | .08 |
| Maternal education, % | ||||||
| No high school degree | 24.1 | 50.7 | < .001 | 54.5 | 47.8 | .002 |
| High school degree | 29.4 | 28.0 | .18 | 26.7 | 29.0 | .15 |
| Any college | 46.5 | 21.3 | < .001 | 18.8 | 23.2 | .002 |
| Previous loss, % | 9.6 | 9.3 | .61 | 8.6 | 9.8 | .23 |
| History of sexually transmitted infection, % | 9.9 | 14.4 | < .001 | 13.9 | 14.8 | .55 |
| Diabetes, % | 4.9 | 3.8 | .03 | 3.6 | 3.9 | .7 |
| Smoker, % | 30.3 | 26.0 | < .001 | 25.5 | 26.4 | .63 |
| Hypertension, % | 5.9 | 5.6 | .51 | 5.2 | 5.8 | .44 |
| Pregnancy complication,b % | 34.1 | 24.8 | < .001 | 27.7 | 34.3 | < .001 |
| Residents in area receiving food stamps, mean % | 12.2 | 18.5 | < .001 | 18.3 | 19.8 | .9 |
| Residential buildings in area with > 10 housing units, mean % | 17.0 | 19.1 | < .001 | 18.5 | 18.6 | .1 |
| Townsend Index score,c % | ||||||
| < −3 | 5.3 | 2.4 | < .001 | 2.1 | 2.6 | .39 |
| Between −3 and 0 | 40.9 | 26.1 | < .001 | 25.6 | 26.3 | .72 |
| Between > 0 and 3 | 33.9 | 33.1 | .84 | 32.7 | 33.3 | .78 |
| Between > 3 and 5 | 10.9 | 18.6 | < .001 | 18.4 | 18.6 | .91 |
| > 5 | 9.0 | 19.7 | < .001 | 21.2 | 19.2 | .13 |
Note. P values are based on univariable regression adjusted for clustering at the level of census tract.
Risk criteria: single marital status, age < 18 y, low income status based on Medicaid enrollment, or Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, Children enrollment.
Includes any diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, fetal distress, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, or unplanned maternal surgery as indicated on the vital statistics record.
Calculated as a sum of the standardized scores for 4 census tract-level variables: (1) percentage unemployed, (2) percentage of households without access to a car, (3) percentage of all households renting, and (4) percentage of households with crowded housing. Higher Townsend Index scores reflect higher levels of deprivation and social disadvantage.