Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics (n=38)
| Prior-control (n=18) | Prior-declined (n=5) | Prior-ineligible (n=15) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 9 (50.0) | 1 (20.0) | 7 (46.7) | 0.482 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 57.1 (7.4) | 54.8 (7.4) | 58.5 (5.8) | 0.414 |
| Income | ||||
| <$50,000 | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 3 (20.0) | |
| $50,000–$79,000 | 6 (33.3) | 2 (40.0) | 5 (33.3) | |
| $80,000+ | 11 (61.1) | 3 (60.0) | 7 (46.7) | 0.624 |
| Duration of knee pain, months (SD) | 120.3 (101.6) | 58.8 (42.9) | 80.5 (79.1) | 0.267 |
| X-ray Kellgren–Lawrence OA Severity Score (0–4, %) of treated knees | ||||
| 1–2 (mild OA) | 9 (69.2) | 2 (66.7) | 4 (36.4) | |
| 3–4 (moderate to severe OA) | 4 (30.8) | 1 (33.3) | 7 (63.6) | 0.250 |
| BMI (SD) | 29.8 (5.9) | 26.0 (3.8) | 30.9 (5.8) | |
| ≤25 | 7 (38.9) | 2 (40.0) | 1 (6.7) | |
| 26–30 | 3 (16.7) | 2 (40.0) | 9 (60.0) | |
| 31+ | 8 (44.4) | 1 (20.0) | 5 (33.3) | 0.074 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 3 (20.0) | 0.332 |
| Prior knee intervention (%)a | ||||
| Arthroscopic surgery | 7 (38.9) | 1 (20.0) | 6 (40.0) | 0.703 |
| Physical therapy | 7 (38.9) | 1 (20.0) | 3 (20.0) | 0.478 |
| Hyaluronic acid injection | 1 (5.6) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0) | 0.164 |
| Corticosteroid injection | 3 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (13.3) | 0.663 |
| Glucosamine | 5 (27.8) | 3 (60.0) | 8 (53.3) | 0.287 |
| WOMAC compositeb | 63.7 (12.6) | 45.2 (10.9) | 62.6 (13.4) | 0.021 |
| Pain | 66.7 (14.2) | 47.0 (5.7) | 66.0 (12.0) | 0.065 |
| Stiffnessb | 60.4 (18.8) | 37.5 (12.5) | 56.7 (20.0) | 0.011 |
| Function | 63.9 (13.3) | 51.0 (17.8) | 65.1 (14.5) | 0.159 |
| KPS | Treated (N=27) | Untreated (N=9) | Treated (N=8) | Untreated (N=2) | Treated (N=22) | Untreated (N=8) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain frequency (SD) | 3.30 (0.78) | 1.54 (0.45) | 3.67 (0.88) | 2.25 (1.77) | 3.17 (0.83) | 1.88 (1.25) | 0.337/0.600c |
| Pain severity (SD) | 2.89 (0.88) | 1.35 (0.41) | 2.96 (1.01) | 2.08 (1.53) | 2.75 (0.78) | 1.69 (0.93) | 0.785/0.435c |
The theoretical range of the WOMAC in this study is from 0 to 100, with higher values indicating better knee-related quality of life. The theoretical range of KPS scores for knee pain frequency is 0–4 and for knee pain severity is 0–5, with higher values indicating worse symptoms.
Percentage does not total up to 100 due to participants' varied use of conventional therapies.
Participants in the Prior-Declined group reported more severe Composite and Stiffness scores than the other two groups. There were no other statistical differences between groups.
Baseline p-values for treated participants/baseline p-values for untreated participants.
SD, standard deviation; OA, osteoarthritis; BMI, body–mass index; WOMAC, Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index; KPS, Knee Pain Scale.