Table 2.
Risk factors associated with ESRD, disease-related mortality, and the composite outcome of ESRD or death
| Variable | ESRD: CRRa | Disease-Related Mortality: CRRb | Composite Outcome: Coxc | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHR (95% CI) | P Value | SHR (95% CI) | P Value | HR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Univariate model | ||||||
| Age, quartiles | ||||||
| 54–64 yr (versus <54 yr) | 1.24 (0.73 to 2.11) | 0.42 | 4.06 (1.14 to 14.4) | 0.03 | 1.35 (0.74 to 2.44) | 0.33 |
| 65–74 yr (versus <54 yr) | 1.16 (0.67 to 2.00) | 0.59 | 6.01 (1.73 to 20.8) | 0.01 | 1.27 (0.71 to 2.27) | 0.42 |
| ≥75 yr (versus <54 yr) | 1.42 (0.81 to 2.46) | 0.22 | 6.07 (1.72 to 21.5) | 0.01 | 1.67 (0.92 to 3.03) | 0.09 |
| MPO-ANCA (versus PR3) | 1.29 (0.72 to 2.31) | 0.40 | 1.21 (0.65 to 2.25) | 0.54 | 1.21 (0.80 to 1.82) | 0.37 |
| eGFR>10 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (versus ≤10) | 0.25 (0.08 to 0.81) | 0.02 | 1.03 (0.49 to 2.16) | 0.94 | 0.54 (0.29 to 0.99) | 0.04 |
| Lung involvement (versus none) | 1.23 (0.70 to 2.19) | 0.47 | 1.34 (0.70 to 2.56) | 0.38 | 1.42 (0.94 to 2.17) | 0.10 |
| Cyclophosphamide (versus no use) | 0.39 (0.20 to 0.79) | 0.01 | 0.28 (0.13 to 0.60) | 0.01 | 0.35 (0.21 to 0.58) | 0.01 |
| Plasmapheresis (versus no use) | 0.90 (0.47 to 1.72) | 0.74 | 0.86 (0.43 to 1.75) | 0.68 | 0.92 (0.58 to 1.46) | 0.73 |
| Treatment response (versus no response) | 0.06 (0.02 to 0.15) | <0.001 | 0.09 (0.04 to 0.20) | <0.001 | 0.10 (0.06 to 0.16) | <0.001 |
| Normal glomeruli>10% (versus ≤10%) | 0.59 (0.32 to 1.08) | 0.09 | 0.52 (0.27 to 1.01) | 0.05 | 0.65 (0.43 to 0.99) | 0.04 |
| Arteriosclerosis (versus none) | 0.93 (0.42 to 2.08) | 0.86 | 6.33 (0.87 to 46.1) | 0.07 | 1.72 (0.83 to 3.55) | 0.15 |
| Activity index score (unit decrease) | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.04) | 0.33 | 0.99 (0.89 to 1.09) | 0.81 | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.05) | 0.60 |
| Chronicity index score (unit decrease) | 0.91 (0.84 to 0.99) | 0.03 | 0.93 (0.85 to 1.02) | 0.14 | 0.93 (0.88 to 0.99) | 0.02 |
| EUVAS classification (13) | ||||||
| Focal (versus sclerotic) | 0.49 (0.26 to 1.02) | 0.08 | 0.53 (0.06 to 4.38) | 0.55 | 0.44 (0.15 to 1.29) | 0.14 |
| Mixed (versus sclerotic) | 0.50 (0.20 to 1.29) | 0.16 | 1.95 (0.81 to 4.69) | 0.14 | 0.83 (0.49 to 1.40) | 0.49 |
| Crescentic (versus sclerotic) | 0.69 (0.32 to 1.18) | 0.22 | 1.45 (0.58 to 3.66) | 0.43 | 0.67 (0.38 to 1.18) | 0.22 |
| Multivariate model | ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| 65–74 yr (versus <54 yr) | 5.06 (1.38 to 18.5) | 0.01 | ||||
| ≥75 yr (versus <54 yr) | 4.38 (1.13 to 16.9) | 0.03 | ||||
| Treatment response | 0.06 (0.02 to 0.14) | <0.001 | 0.09 (0.04 to 0.22) | <0.001 | 0.09 (0.02 to 0.15) | <0.001 |
| Cyclophosphamide use | 0.43 (0.19 to 0.9) | 0.0 | 0.39 (0.21 to 0.73) | 0.01 | ||
Activity index score ranges from 0 to 20; chronicity index score ranges from 0 to 16. Treatment response is time-varying variable changing status after 4 months. CRR, competing risk regression model; Cox, Cox proportional hazard model; SHR, subdistribution hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MPO, myeloperoxidase; PR3, proteinase 3; EUVAS, European Vasculitis Study Group.
CRR was used to determine risk factors associated with ESRD, outcome of interest with competing risks of disease-related mortality, and mortality from other causes.
Disease-related mortality is the outcome of interest competing with ESRD and mortality from other causes.
Conjoined outcomes with ESRD or all-cause mortality were used for Cox proportional hazard model.